Category: Finance

  • 9 Money-Saving Habits That Are Now Considered Financially Risky

    9 Money-Saving Habits That Are Now Considered Financially Risky


    9 Money-Saving Habits That Are Now Considered Financially Risky
    Image source: Unsplash

    For decades, we’ve been told that certain frugal habits are smart ways to stretch a dollar. They were passed down from parents, financial gurus, and common sense.

    But the economy has shifted, technology has advanced, and some of these once-wise habits now backfire. In fact, continuing to follow them without reassessing could leave you more vulnerable to financial trouble rather than protected from it.

    Here are nine money-saving habits that may have worked in the past but could be putting your finances at risk today.

    1. Always Choosing the Cheapest Option

    It seems like a no-brainer—buy the lowest-priced item to save money. But consistently going for the cheapest option can lead to spending more over time. Whether it’s electronics, appliances, or even clothing, lower-priced items often come with lower quality, meaning they wear out or break sooner.

    When replacements become frequent, your total costs can exceed what you would have paid for a higher-quality product initially. In areas like home maintenance, tools, or health-related items, “cheap” can even mean unsafe. These days, it’s often wiser to evaluate the total cost of ownership rather than just the sticker price.

    2. Skipping Preventive Maintenance to Save Money

    Delaying oil changes, ignoring small roof leaks, or putting off dental checkups might seem like you’re avoiding unnecessary spending. In reality, neglecting preventive care, whether for your home, car, or health, often leads to much bigger bills down the road.

    A small plumbing repair today could prevent a full pipe replacement later. Routine medical checkups can catch issues before they require costly treatment. Skipping maintenance is no longer a safe way to “save” money. It’s a gamble that can leave you with a financial emergency.

    3. Keeping All Your Savings in Cash

    Once upon a time, keeping money in a savings account felt safe and sensible. But with inflation rates often outpacing interest earned, parking all your savings in cash is a guaranteed loss of buying power over time.

    While cash reserves are still important for emergencies, not putting some of your money to work in investments—whether through retirement accounts, index funds, or other vehicles—can mean falling behind financially. The risk now isn’t about market volatility alone; it’s about losing purchasing power every single year.

    4. Buying in Bulk Without Checking Actual Use

    Warehouse stores made bulk buying synonymous with smart savings. But if you’re stocking up on items that expire, get wasted, or don’t get used quickly enough, you’re not saving. You’re losing money.

    Food spoilage, product degradation, and even the space costs of storing extra items can eat away at those “savings.” Bulk buying still works for frequently used non-perishable items, but buying without tracking your actual consumption patterns can create hidden financial waste.

    5. Avoiding All Debt at Any Cost

    For years, the mantra was “debt is bad.” While high-interest consumer debt is indeed harmful, avoiding all forms of debt, especially good debt, can limit your financial growth. For example, a mortgage on a reasonably priced home, a low-interest loan for education, or a business can be a strategic investment.

    In today’s financial world, responsible use of debt can improve credit scores, open opportunities, and build wealth. Avoiding all debt outright might feel safe, but it could prevent you from taking advantage of tools that create long-term stability.

    6. Extreme Couponing and Chasing Every Deal

    There was a time when clipping coupons could dramatically reduce your grocery bill. Now, extreme couponing often leads people to buy things they don’t need or spend hours chasing minimal savings.

    With many coupons tied to processed or less healthy items, you might even end up spending more on healthcare in the long run. Additionally, chasing every deal online can lead to overspending due to flash sales and “limited time” offers that encourage unnecessary purchases.

    7. Avoiding Professional Advice to “Save on Fees”

    The internet has made financial information accessible to everyone, but relying solely on self-education and avoiding professional guidance can be risky. DIY investing, tax preparation, or estate planning can save you money in fees upfront, but cost you far more if you make mistakes.

    Professionals can help you navigate complex laws, identify tax savings you might miss, and avoid costly errors. In a time when regulations and markets change quickly, avoiding expertise could be one of the most expensive “savings” decisions you make.

    8. Holding Onto Old Appliances to Avoid the Cost of Replacement

    It might seem financially responsible to keep using older appliances until they break. However, outdated models are often less energy-efficient, costing you more in utilities every month. Additionally, parts for older models may be harder to find, making repairs more expensive when something does go wrong.

    Modern appliances, while an upfront investment, can pay for themselves in reduced energy and water bills over time. Clinging to old tech to “save money” can quietly drain your resources.

    9. Skipping Insurance Coverage to Lower Monthly Expenses

    Cutting insurance, whether it’s health, auto, home, or disability, might save you money on monthly premiums, but it can leave you exposed to catastrophic financial losses. Medical bills, lawsuits, natural disasters, or accidents can wipe out years of savings in a moment.

    Even if you feel “low risk,” unexpected events can happen to anyone. In the current financial climate, being underinsured is a far greater risk than paying a reasonable premium for protection.

    Why Old-School Money Habits Need a Modern Update

    Many of these outdated money-saving strategies were rooted in a different economic era. Inflation, technological advancements, shifting markets, and evolving consumer habits have changed the rules. What worked for your parents or grandparents might not work now, and in some cases, it could actively harm your finances.

    The key is to periodically reassess your financial habits with modern realities in mind. Saving money isn’t just about cutting costs. It’s about making choices that provide long-term value, sustainability, and security.

    Updating Your Financial Habits for Today’s Economy

    Frugality is still valuable, but it needs to adapt. Clinging to outdated savings strategies can make you feel safe while quietly eroding your financial health.

    The real key to financial security today isn’t just spending less. It’s spending smart. That means evaluating the long-term impact of your decisions, embracing tools that grow your wealth, and being willing to adjust when the old ways no longer work.

    Which outdated money-saving habit do you think is the hardest for people to let go of and why?

    Read More:

    Why Poor People Stay Poor: The Brutal Habits Keeping You Broke

    These 7 Household Habits Are Quietly Draining Your Wallet

  • Why Hire a Financial Advisor? Key Benefits and How SmartAsset’s Tool Can Help You Find the Right One – GrowthRapidly

    Why Hire a Financial Advisor? Key Benefits and How SmartAsset’s Tool Can Help You Find the Right One – GrowthRapidly


    In an era of economic uncertainty, rising inflation, and complex investment options, managing personal finances can feel overwhelming. Whether you’re planning for retirement, saving for a home, or navigating tax strategies, the decisions you make today can significantly impact your future wealth. This is where hiring a financial advisor becomes crucial.

    A professional advisor offers expertise, personalized guidance, and peace of mind, helping you avoid costly mistakes and maximize your financial potential. But finding the right advisor can be daunting—that’s why tools like SmartAsset’s financial advisor matching service stand out. This free, user-friendly platform connects you with vetted professionals tailored to your needs.

    In this comprehensive guide, we’ll explore why it’s important to hire a financial advisor, backed by statistics and real-world benefits, and how SmartAsset simplifies the process.

    Understanding the Role of a Financial Advisor

    A financial advisor is a certified professional who helps individuals and families manage their money effectively. They provide services ranging from investment management and retirement planning to tax optimization, estate planning, and debt management. Unlike robo-advisors, which use algorithms for automated advice, human advisors offer nuanced, personalized strategies that account for your unique life circumstances, risk tolerance, and goals.

    Financial advisors often hold certifications like Certified Financial Planner (CFP) or Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA), ensuring they adhere to high ethical standards. Many are fiduciaries, meaning they’re legally obligated to act in your best interest. This distinction is vital, as non-fiduciary advisors might prioritize commissions over your needs. Hiring one isn’t just for the wealthy; even middle-income earners can benefit from their insights to build long-term security.

    Top Reasons to Hire a Financial Advisor

    The benefits of working with a financial advisor extend far beyond basic budgeting. Here are some compelling reasons, supported by industry insights:

    1. Expertise and Personalized Financial Strategies: Advisors bring specialized knowledge in areas like market trends, asset allocation, and risk management. They craft tailored plans that align with your objectives, whether it’s growing wealth or preserving it. For instance, they can help diversify your portfolio to mitigate risks during volatile markets. Without this expertise, DIY investors might overlook opportunities or fall victim to emotional decisions.

    2. Time-Saving Convenience: Managing finances requires constant monitoring of investments, tax laws, and economic shifts. An advisor handles these tasks, freeing you to focus on your career, family, or hobbies. Studies show that professionals save clients significant time, allowing them to “focus on creating a plan and monitoring progress.” This is especially valuable for busy professionals or small business owners who lack the bandwidth for in-depth financial analysis.

    3. Behavioral Guidance and Emotional Support: Market downturns can trigger panic selling, but advisors provide objective coaching to keep you on track. Behavioral finance research highlights how advisors prevent impulsive moves, potentially adding 1-3% to annual returns through disciplined strategies. They help navigate life events like job loss, inheritance, or divorce, adapting your plan to maintain stability.

    4. Tax Optimization and Efficiency: Advisors excel at minimizing tax liabilities through strategies like Roth conversions, charitable giving, or harvesting losses. This can save thousands annually, particularly for high earners. One study notes that tax-efficient planning is a key value-add, often overlooked by self-managing individuals.

    5. Long-Term Planning and Goal Achievement: From retirement to education funding, advisors use sophisticated tools to forecast outcomes and adjust as needed. They ensure your portfolio aligns with life stages, helping you retire comfortably. Goal-based planning can make you feel more confident about achieving milestones.

    6. Debt Management and Income Strategies: Advisors guide on paying down debts efficiently while building savings. They optimize income streams, such as Social Security claiming or pension distributions, to maximize lifetime earnings.

    7. Peace of Mind and Reduced Stress: Knowing a professional is overseeing your finances alleviates anxiety. Advisors offer holistic support, integrating insurance, estate planning, and more into a cohesive strategy.

    These benefits aren’t hypothetical; they translate to tangible results, as we’ll explore next.

    The Impact on Your Wealth: Statistics and Real-World Evidence

    Data underscores the value of financial advisors. According to a Northwestern Mutual study, Americans with advisors expect to retire two years earlier than those without, with 75% feeling financially prepared for retirement compared to just 45% of non-advised individuals. Another analysis estimates that advisors can add 36% to 212% more value to a client’s bottom line over a lifetime, depending on age and strategy.

    Vanguard’s Advisor Alpha framework suggests advisors boost returns by about 3% annually through behavioral coaching, rebalancing, and cost-effective investing. In a survey by Natixis, clients with advisors reported higher confidence in wealth growth, with professionals anticipating 11.5% average one-year portfolio growth. For lower-wealth households (under $100,000), retirement confidence jumps 20% with advisor guidance.

    Employment in the field is projected to grow 17% by 2033, reflecting rising demand amid an advisor shortage—32% of investors switch firms when their advisor retires. These stats highlight how advisors not only preserve wealth but accelerate it, making them indispensable for long-term success.

    Overcoming Common Hesitations About Hiring an Advisor

    Despite the advantages, some hesitate due to costs or misconceptions. Fees typically range from 0.5% to 2% of assets under management (AUM), but many offer flat fees or hourly rates for affordability. The return on investment often outweighs these costs—think of it as paying for expertise that saves money elsewhere.

    Another concern is trust; however, choosing fiduciaries mitigates this. Tools like SmartAsset screen for certified, fiduciary advisors, reducing risks. Some fear advisors are only for the rich, but many serve everyday investors, with minimums as low as $0. Addressing these barriers reveals that the pros far outweigh the cons for most people.

    Introducing SmartAsset’s Financial Advisor Matching Tool

    Finding a compatible advisor is key to reaping these benefits, and SmartAsset’s free matching tool makes it effortless. Launched as part of SmartAsset’s financial technology platform, it connects users with up to three local, fiduciary advisors based on personalized criteria. With a focus on transparency, the tool emphasizes fee-only or fiduciary professionals, avoiding commission-based conflicts.

    SmartAsset stands out by offering educational resources alongside matching, including calculators for retirement, taxes, and mortgages. It’s not a robo-advisor but a bridge to human expertise, ideal for those seeking personalized advice without the hassle of manual searches.

    How SmartAsset’s Tool Works: A Step-by-Step Guide

    Using SmartAsset is simple and takes just minutes:

    1. Visit the Site and Start the Quiz: Go to smartasset.com/financial-advisor and answer a short questionnaire about your location, assets, goals, and preferences (e.g., retirement planning or investment advice).

    2. Matching Algorithm Kicks In: The tool uses your responses to match you with advisors who specialize in your needs. Criteria include experience, fee structure, and fiduciary status.

    3. Review Matches: You’ll receive contact info for up to three advisors, complete with profiles detailing their credentials, services, and reviews.

    4. Initial Consultations: Schedule free intro calls to discuss your situation. No obligation to hire—it’s a low-pressure way to find the right fit.

    5. Ongoing Support: If you proceed, the advisor handles your plan, with SmartAsset’s resources available for continued education.

    This process is free for users; advisors pay for leads, ensuring quality matches without user costs.

    Why Choose SmartAsset? Features, Benefits, and User Reviews

    SmartAsset’s tool excels in convenience and vetting. Features include a focus on fiduciary advisors, diverse fee structures (AUM, flat, hourly), and nationwide coverage. Benefits mirror those of hiring an advisor: time savings, expert access, and confidence boosting.

    User reviews are mixed but largely positive. On WalletHub, many praise it for connecting with knowledgeable professionals: “Their advisor matching tool helped me find professionals who truly understand the complexities of managing wealth.” FinanceBuzz notes its free nature and useful calculators. However, some BBB complaints cite aggressive follow-ups or mismatched leads, emphasizing the need to vet matches personally.

    Reddit users report success, with one gaining $600k in AUM after using it. Overall, it’s a reliable starting point, especially for beginners.

    Conclusion: Take the Next Step Toward Financial Security

    Hiring a financial advisor is an investment in your future, offering expertise, time savings, and proven wealth growth. With statistics showing enhanced retirement readiness and substantial value addition, the importance is clear. SmartAsset’s tool removes barriers, providing a free, efficient way to connect with the right professional. Don’t leave your finances to chance—visit SmartAsset today, complete the quiz, and start building a brighter tomorrow. Your wealth—and peace of mind—depend on it.

  • 2025 2026 Cap on Paying Back ACA Health Insurance Subsidy

    2025 2026 Cap on Paying Back ACA Health Insurance Subsidy


    [Updated on July 5, 2025, with changes from the 2025 Trump tax law.]

    The ACA health insurance subsidy, aka the premium tax credit, is set up such that, for the most part, it doesn’t matter how much subsidy you receive upfront when you enroll. The upfront subsidy is only an estimate. The final subsidy will be squared up when you file your tax return next year.

    If you didn’t receive the subsidy when you enrolled but your actual income qualifies, you get the subsidy as a tax credit when you file your tax return. If the government paid more subsidies than your actual income qualifies for, you pay back the difference on your tax return.

    Repayment Cap

    There’s a cap on how much you need to pay back. The cap varies depending on your Modified Adjusted Gross Income (MAGI) relative to the Federal Poverty Level (FPL) and your tax filing status. It’s also adjusted for inflation each year. Here are the caps on paying back the subsidy for 2025 and 2026.

    MAGI 2025 Coverage 2026 Coverage
    < 200% FPL Single: $375
    Other: $750
    No Cap
    < 300% FPL Single: $975
    Other: $1,950
    No Cap
    < 400% FPL Single: $1,625
    Other: $3,250
    No Cap
    >= 400% FPL No Cap No Cap
    ACA APTC Repayment Cap

    Source: IRS Rev. Proc. 2024-40.

    The new 2025 Trump tax law eliminated the repayment cap, effective in 2026, regardless of income. 2025 is the last year that a repayment cap still applies.

    No Cap Above 400% of FPL

    The repayment caps in 2025 apply only when your actual income is below 400% of FPL. There’s no repayment cap if your actual income exceeds 400% of FPL — you will have to pay back 100% of the difference between what you received and what your actual income qualifies for.

    There is no repayment cap in 2026 or beyond.

    Large Change in Income

    The caps are also set sufficiently high such that the amount you need to pay back will fall below the cap unless there’s a big difference between your actual income and your estimated income at the time of enrollment.

    For example, suppose you’re married filing jointly and you estimated your income would be $50,000 in 2025 when you enrolled. Suppose by the time you file your tax return, your income turns out to be $60,000. Because your income is $10,000 higher than you originally estimated, you qualify for a lower subsidy now. You will be required to pay back the $1,554 difference. The cap doesn’t really help you because this $1,554 difference is well under the $3,150 repayment cap.

    In addition, because you’re required to notify the healthcare marketplace of your income changes during the year in a timely manner so that they can adjust your advance subsidy, normally the difference between the advance subsidy you received and the subsidy you finally qualify for should be well under the cap. The cap helps only when your income increases close to the end of the year, and it’s too late to adjust your advance subsidy.

    Easier for Singles

    Still, a late income change can happen, and the change can be large enough to make the difference in the health insurance subsidy higher than the repayment cap. This is true especially when you’re single with a lower repayment cap.

    For example, suppose you’re single and you estimated your income would be $30,000 in 2025 when you enrolled. Suppose in December 2025 you decide to convert $20,000 from a Traditional IRA to a Roth IRA. This pushes your income to $50,000. The extra $20,000 income lowers your health insurance subsidy by $2,809, but because your repayment cap is $1,625, you only need to pay back $1,625. You get to keep the other $1,184. In this case, you’re better off asking for the subsidy upfront during enrollment. If you only wait until you file your tax return, you won’t benefit from the repayment cap.

    Bottom line: You should try to estimate your income conservatively and qualify for as much subsidy as you can upfront when you enroll for 2025. Maybe it won’t help. Maybe it will. There won’t be any difference starting in 2026, because you’re required to pay back 100% of the difference when you do your taxes.

    Say No To Management Fees

    If you are paying an advisor a percentage of your assets, you are paying 5-10x too much. Learn how to find an independent advisor, pay for advice, and only the advice.

    Find Advice-Only

  • What Is Internal Rate of Return ? Meaning, Formula

    What Is Internal Rate of Return ? Meaning, Formula


    When you invest your money, you expect it to grow. But how do you measure the potential profitability of an investment, especially when cash flows vary over time? That’s where IRR, or the Internal Rate of Return, comes into play. This powerful metric helps investors and businesses alike assess the efficiency of their investments.

    Whether you’re evaluating mutual funds, startup pitches, real estate deals, or long-term financial projects, understanding what IRR is and how to use it can guide smarter financial decisions.

     Let’s explore the IRR meaning, the IRR formula, and how this concept works in the real world.

    What is IRR?

    IRR, or Internal Rate of Return, is a tool that helps you understand how profitable an investment really is. Technically, it’s the interest rate at which the net present value (NPV) of all future cash flows—both incoming and outgoing—equals zero.

    But here’s the simple version:
    IRR tells you the rate your money needs to grow each year to break even on your investment.

    Think of it as your investment’s personal “growth score.” If the IRR is higher than your expected return or cost of capital, it’s a green light. If it’s lower, you may want to think twice.

    In essence, IRR shows whether your money is working hard enough—or just coasting.

    Why is IRR Important?

    IRR plays a crucial role in making smart, data-backed decisions. It goes beyond just telling you whether an investment is profitable—it shows how efficiently your money is working over time.

    Here’s why IRR deserves your attention:

    • It helps compare investment options: Whether you’re choosing between two mutual funds or evaluating business projects, IRR helps identify which one offers better long-term value.
    • It accounts for the time value of money: Unlike basic return metrics, IRR factors in when you receive returns—not just how much.
    • It aids in forecasting future growth: A well-calculated IRR can give you a realistic view of potential earnings over the investment’s life.
    • It supports strategic financial decisions: From goal-based investing to business expansion, IRR helps determine if the returns justify the risk and capital involved.

    Unlike simpler metrics like ROI (Return on Investment), IRR considers the timing of cash flows, which makes it more precise and reliable in many cases.

    IRR Formula: How to Calculate IRR

    Internal Rate of Return Formula

    There’s no simple plug-and-play formula for IRR like there is for ROI or interest. Instead, it’s calculated through trial and error by finding the rate at which the Net Present Value (NPV) of all future cash flows becomes zero.

    Internal Rate of Return Formula:

    0=∑t=0nCt(1+r)t0 = \sum_{t=0}^{n} \frac{C_t}{(1 + r)^t}0=t=0∑n​(1+r)tCt​​

    Where:

    • CtC_tCt​ = Net cash inflow during time period t
    • rrr = IRR (the rate we’re solving for)
    • ttt = The time period (e.g., year 1, year 2…)
    • nnn = Total number of periods

    Let’s Understand This with a Simple Example:

    Suppose you invest ₹1,00,000 today (Year 0), and you expect the following returns:

    Year Cash Flow
    0 -₹1,00,000
    1 ₹30,000
    2 ₹40,000
    3 ₹50,000

    To calculate IRR, you need to find the rate ‘r’ that makes the NPV = 0.

    Manually solving this is complex, you can calculate IRR in Excel using =IRR() function:

    excel

    CopyEdit

    =IRR(A1:A4)

    Result: IRR ≈ 18.1%

    This means your investment would grow at an annual rate of 18.1%, considering the timing and size of cash flows.

    Quick Tip:

    In real life, IRR is almost always calculated using tools like:

    • Excel (=IRR() or =XIRR() for irregular intervals)
    • Financial calculators
    • Investment analysis software

    These tools iterate through multiple discount rates to find the exact IRR without manual calculations.

    IRR vs ROI: What’s the Difference?

    Factor IRR ROI
    Consider Time Value of Money? Yes No
    Good for Multiple Cash Flows? Yes No
    Accuracy in Long-Term Projects High Moderate
    Calculation Complexity High Low

    While ROI gives a snapshot of overall gain, IRR provides a more nuanced view by accounting for cash flow timing and duration.

    When Should You Use the IRR Method?

    The IRR method is a powerful tool for evaluating whether an investment is likely to meet your return expectations. It’s especially useful when cash flows are spread over multiple periods and you want a single rate to compare options.

    Here are some common scenarios where using IRR makes sense:

    • Capital Budgeting: When businesses have to choose between multiple projects, IRR helps identify which one offers the highest potential return.
    • Real Estate Investments: If you’re comparing properties with different income timelines—like rental returns vs. resale value—IRR can give a clearer picture than simple ROI.
    • Mutual Funds and SIPs: Long-term investments that include reinvestments, such as mutual funds, benefit from IRR (or XIRR) analysis to track true annualized returns.
    • Startups & Private Equity: Investors in high-risk ventures use IRR to estimate future returns, especially when exit timelines and profits are uncertain.

    That said, IRR works best when cash flows are regular and consistent. If a project has highly irregular cash flows or multiple shifts between positive and negative returns, IRR may become less reliable and can even yield multiple conflicting results.

    In such cases, it’s wise to combine IRR with other metrics like NPV (Net Present Value) or MIRR (Modified IRR) for a more balanced view.

    Limitations of IRR

    While IRR is a widely used and insightful metric, it’s not without its flaws. In certain situations, relying solely on IRR can lead to misleading conclusions.

    Here are some important limitations to keep in mind:

    • Multiple IRRs: When an investment has alternating cash flows—say, an initial outflow followed by inflows and then another outflow—you may end up with more than one IRR. This can make decision-making confusing and unreliable.
    • Ignores Project Scale: IRR doesn’t consider the size of the investment. A smaller project may show a higher IRR, but a larger project with a slightly lower IRR might deliver greater total returns. This can skew investment choices if IRR is used in isolation.
    • Unrealistic Reinvestment Assumption: IRR assumes that all intermediate cash flows are reinvested at the same IRR, which is rarely the case in real markets. This can overstate the true profitability of an investment.

    Because of these limitations, financial experts often use IRR in conjunction with other metrics, such as Net Present Value (NPV) and Modified Internal Rate of Return (MIRR). These tools help account for scale, reinvestment rates, and cash flow patterns—leading to better-informed investment decisions.

    IRR in Personal Financial Planning

    For individual investors, especially those investing through SIPs, mutual funds, or ULIPs, IRR offers a clearer picture of how their money is truly performing over time. Unlike basic return figures that ignore timing, IRR shows how consistent contributions and market fluctuations impact overall portfolio growth.

    At Fincart, we use IRR to bring precision and clarity to financial planning. It helps us:

    • Track goal-based portfolios: By calculating IRR, we assess whether your current investments are aligned with your long-term financial goals.
    • Evaluate SIP returns more accurately: Since SIPs involve monthly investments over time, IRR (or XIRR) reveals how these staggered investments perform, especially through market ups and downs.
    • Compare investment options: IRR allows us to analyze different financial products based on real growth potential, not just advertised returns.

    Thanks to modern tools and platforms, IRR calculators and finance apps have made this concept easily accessible—even for beginners. 

    IRR and Mutual Fund Investments

    In mutual funds, IRR closely resembles XIRR, which is used to calculate returns when the investment is made at irregular intervals — like monthly SIPs.

    XIRR = Extended Internal Rate of Return

    It solves for returns more accurately when the investment doesn’t follow a fixed pattern.

    Example: You invest ₹5,000 monthly in a SIP. Each investment happens on a different date. The XIRR method calculates the precise annual return after accounting for every cash inflow and final NAV-based redemption.

    Modified IRR (MIRR): An Alternative

    To overcome the limitations of IRR, financial experts often use MIRR.

    • MIRR assumes reinvestment at the firm’s cost of capital or an alternative rate — making it more practical.
    • It also avoids the problem of multiple IRRs and provides a more realistic return picture.

    IRR in Startup & Venture Capital Decisions

    When it comes to startups and angel investing, traditional metrics often fall short. That’s where IRR becomes an essential tool for evaluating potential returns in a highly uncertain environment. Since early-stage investments involve long gestation periods and unpredictable cash flows, IRR helps investors estimate whether the potential upside justifies the risk.

    Here’s why IRR is especially relevant in the startup space:

    • Cash flows are irregular and high-risk: Startups don’t follow predictable revenue patterns, making it hard to apply basic ROI or profit metrics. IRR accounts for the timing and volatility of future earnings.
    • Exit timelines are uncertain: Investors often don’t know when they’ll exit—whether through acquisition, IPO, or buyback. IRR helps estimate returns over unknown or flexible durations.
    • Higher IRRs are expected: To make up for the high risk and low liquidity, investors typically look for IRRs in the range of 30%–50% or even more.

    However, relying solely on IRR can be misleading in venture capital. Sound due diligence should always include complementary metrics like Net Present Value (NPV), Payback Period, and an understanding of market dynamics. A high IRR might look attractive on paper, but without a solid business model and realistic projections, it can be a mirage.

    IRR Trends in 2025 and Beyond

    What was once a tool reserved for corporate finance is now becoming increasingly relevant for individual investors, thanks to rapid advancements in technology and shifts in investment behavior.

    Here are some key trends shaping the future of IRR:

    • AI-Driven Financial Tools: Modern IRR calculators are no longer static. Powered by AI and machine learning, they now evaluate real-time portfolio performance, simulate future scenarios, and offer smarter investment suggestions—all at your fingertips.
    • Decentralized Finance (DeFi): As blockchain-based investments gain traction, IRR is being used to evaluate DeFi lending protocols, staking opportunities, and yield farming—providing a bridge between traditional finance metrics and the crypto economy.
    • Sustainable Investing: Investors are increasingly using IRR alongside ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) metrics to evaluate the real financial and ethical impact of their green portfolios. The combination of return and responsibility is redefining portfolio success.

    Final Thoughts: Should You Rely Solely on IRR?

    Not quite. IRR is powerful—but not perfect. While it helps estimate the return on an investment, relying on it alone can lead to misleading decisions, especially when comparing projects with different scales, timelines, or risk levels.

    For individual investors, particularly those using SIPs, mutual funds, or ULIPs, IRR might feel technical or unclear. That’s why it’s best used in combination with metrics like NPV, ROI, and payback period to get a full picture of your investment’s potential.

    At Fincart, we go beyond just calculating IRR. We help you understand what it means for your unique financial goals—and how to act on it with confidence, clarity, and personalized guidance.

    Author Avatar Ansari Khalid

    Tags: how to calculate irr, internal rate of return, internal rate of return formula, irr formula



  • The Surprising Truth About Automated Investing

    The Surprising Truth About Automated Investing


    The Surprising Truth About Automated Investing
    Image Source: 123rf.com

    When it comes to investing, research is everything. But let’s be honest, it can also be time-consuming and overwhelming, especially if you have never invested before or you’re still in the learning stages. That’s where I fall. I’ve spent countless hours doing research, trying to pinpoint where I should be investing my money, only to become overwhelmed and give up. 

    That’s when I started experimenting with artificial intelligence tools like ChatGPT and CoPilot to combine all of the information that I was finding online to make choosing much easier.  Instead of reading 10 websites, I asked myself: Can you use AI to make the decisions for me?

    Spoiler: Yes, you can. Is it foolproof? Of course not. We still have a long way to go when it comes to artificial intelligence, but it’s a very good place to start if you’re feeling lost. So, if you’re wondering how to use it for yourself or you’re curious to see what the process is like, I’m sharing the two-week experiment I ran using ChatGPT, CoPilot, and Investment

    Step 1: Using ChatGPT to Give Me Stock Suggestions

    I began by asking ChatGPT a simple question–aka, what should I invest in?

    Prompt I used:

    “What are the top 2 best stocks to buy today that are down big from a year ago and primed for a price resurgence soon?”

    Here’s the output I got:

    1. Tesla (TSLA)

    Why it’s down:

    • Tesla’s stock has been hammered over the past year due to slowing EV demand in certain markets, aggressive price cuts, and pressure on margins.
    • Competition from Chinese EV makers and macroeconomic headwinds have also weighed on the price.

    Why it may rebound:

    • Tesla is aggressively pivoting toward next-gen energy storage, autonomous driving, and AI-powered robotics.
    • FSD (Full Self Driving) subscription models and robotaxi networks could add new revenue streams.
    • Analysts expect margin recovery and earnings acceleration as costs decline and energy storage (Megapacks) gain traction.

    2. PayPal (PYPL)

    Why it’s down:

    • PayPal has seen heavy stock declines due to slower user growth, competition from Apple Pay and Stripe, and concerns over declining margins.
    • The stock is trading at historically low valuations compared to its cash flow and earnings potential.

    Why it may rebound:

    • PayPal’s aggressive cost-cutting and focus on its Braintree platform are beginning to show results.
    • New leadership and partnerships (such as Venmo integrations and new merchant services) could reignite growth.
    • Analysts are calling it “deeply undervalued” compared to its fintech peers, making it a turnaround candidate.

    Step 2: Using CoPilot to Analyze Financial Data

    Next, I turned to CoPilot to ask it the same question. To keep this fair, I didn’t switch the prompt, nor did I include any extra information. I wanted to see which artificial intelligence platform was going to have the stronger answers at the end of this. 

    CoPilot’s output looked like this:

    Same question to Copilot. Answer: 

    1. Charter Communications (CHTR)

    • Performance: Down 22% year-to-date and 18% over the past year
    • Why it dropped: The end of the Affordable Connectivity Program (ACP), which subsidized broadband for millions of customers, hit Charter hard
    • Why it’s primed for resurgence:
      • Despite the ACP ending, Charter posted robust profits and growing mobile service revenue
      • Trades at 9x trailing earnings and 15x free cash flow, making it attractively valued
      • Analysts expect EBITDA expansion and improved customer growth as the company adjusts to new conditions

    2. PayPal Holdings (PYPL)

    • Performance: Lagging due to intense competition, especially from Apple in the payments space
    • Why it’s primed for resurgence:
      • Still commands a 45% global market share in online payment processing
      • Payment volume up 14% in Q1 to $404 billion
      • Launching a targeted advertising platform using data from its 400 million active accounts
      • Trades at 15x earnings, 12x estimates, and has a price-to-free cash flow ratio of 12
      • Projected to grow profits at a 16% compound annual rate over the next five years

    The first thing I noticed right off the bat was that CoPilot gave me a shorter, more precise answer. However, the “why it’s primed for resurgence” included more hard data, which I found to be extremely useful. 

    I decided to rephrase the question, keeping it extremely simple, removing the focus on stocks that were down. Instead, I asked both platforms a very broad question.

    Prompt I used:

    “What are the top 2 best stocks to buy today?”

    ChatGPT said:

    1. Microsoft (MSFT)

    Why it’s a top pick:

    • AI Leadership: Microsoft’s integration of OpenAI’s models into Azure, Office, and Windows gives it a dominant position in AI infrastructure and enterprise adoption.
    • Recurring Revenue: Strong growth in Azure cloud services and subscription-based products (Office 365, LinkedIn, GitHub).
    • Financial Strength: Consistent double-digit revenue growth, high free cash flow, and a strong balance sheet make it resilient.

    2. Nvidia (NVDA)

    Why it’s a top pick:

    • AI Boom: Nvidia’s GPUs are at the heart of AI computing, from data centers to autonomous vehicles.
    • New Product Cycles: Demand for next-gen GPUs and AI accelerators is outpacing supply, creating pricing power.
    • Earnings Growth: Revenue and EPS growth remain explosive, with analysts continuing to raise price targets.

    CoPilot said:

    1. Microsoft (MSFT)

    Why it’s a top pick:

    • AI Leadership: Microsoft’s integration of OpenAI’s models into Azure, Office, and Windows gives it a dominant position in AI infrastructure and enterprise adoption.
    • Recurring Revenue: Strong growth in Azure cloud services and subscription-based products (Office 365, LinkedIn, GitHub).
    • Financial Strength: Consistent double-digit revenue growth, high free cash flow, and a strong balance sheet make it resilient.

    2. Nvidia (NVDA)

    Why it’s a top pick:

    • AI Boom: Nvidia’s GPUs are at the heart of AI computing, from data centers to autonomous vehicles.
    • New Product Cycles: Demand for next-gen GPUs and AI accelerators is outpacing supply, creating pricing power.
    • Earnings Growth: Revenue and EPS growth remain explosive, with analysts continuing to raise price targets.

    Step 2: Testing Stock Picks in Investopedia’s Simulator

    Before I went any further, I wanted to know: Would these stocks actually perform well in the current market?

    That’s when I logged into Investopedia’s Stock Simulator. It’s a free tool that lets you simulate trading with fake money, using real-time market data. I created a portfolio using the stocks ChatGPT and CoPilot suggested, and tracked them over the next few days and weeks.

    Here’s what I did:

    1. Created a new portfolio in the simulator
    2. Added the stocks ChatGPT and CoPilot recommended (I purchased 10 stocks of each to keep things equal)
    3. Set a goal: hold for 14 days and track percentage change, volatility, and news sentiment
    4. Watched how the portfolio behaved during market fluctuations

    Here’s a screenshot of the very beginning:

    AI investing

    Once it was live, the platform looked a little something like this (this was taken the following day after the initial “purchase” 

    Ai investing 2

    I did end up ultimately decided to purchase 10 more Tesla shares, because I wanted to see what a larger investment would look like for a company that has been in the headlines consistently lately. 

    The experience gave me a chance to see which picks held steady, which fluctuated wildly, and which surprised me. Some early standouts affirmed ChatGPT’s logic. Others made me rethink certain sectors or company-specific risks. This is what the portfolio looked like a week into this experiment:

    Ai investing 3

    This is not exactly what I was expecting. I knew that the market was going to fluctuate, and I wasn’t necessarily expecting to be net positive for every stock, but it was interesting to see that neither CoPilot’s nor ChatGPT’s predictions were entirely correct. Both had their moments where we saw an increase, and there were other moments where we saw a loss.

    Step 4: Asking Again

    A week into the experiment, I decided to ask ChatGPT for two more options to invest in. Of course, these two stocks did not have the longevity of the other two, but I wanted to see what it would look like if we added two more options to the mix.

    This was its answer:

    1. Meta Platforms (META)

    Why it’s compelling in 2025:

    • AI-driven Ad Revenue Recovery: Meta is leveraging AI to drive more efficient ad targeting, which is boosting ad performance and revenue across Instagram and Facebook.
    • Huge User Ecosystem: Billions of monthly active users across Facebook, Instagram, WhatsApp, and Threads provide a data and monetization advantage.
    • Metaverse & AI Investments: Despite skepticism, its Reality Labs division and Llama AI models position it for longer-term growth in spatial computing and open-source AI.

    2. Eli Lilly (LLY)

    Why it’s hot right now:

    • Weight Loss Drug Boom: Its blockbuster GLP-1 drug (Zepbound) is experiencing massive demand for obesity and diabetes treatment.
    • Strong Pipeline: Eli Lilly has promising Alzheimer’s and oncology drugs in late-stage development.
    • High Margin Business: Pharma is historically resilient in economic slowdowns, and Eli Lilly’s margins are among the best in the industry.

    And that’s where we ended up today: 

    Ai investing 4

    Two Weeks In

    In the end, here’s what my growth looked like throughout those two weeks:

    Ai investing 5

    Ai investing 6

    What I Learned (and Would Do Differently)

    Using AI tools like ChatGPT and CoPilot doesn’t mean you’ll automatically become a Wall Street pro, but it does give you an edge, especially when it comes to speed, clarity, and organizing your thoughts. If I were to do it differently, I would ask both ChatGPT and CoPilot to expand further, giving me more details.

    Some other questions I might ask include:

    • What are the top-performing sectors right now, and which undervalued stocks exist within them?
    • What’s a good stop-loss and take-profit strategy for specific stocks?
    • What are safer dividend stocks to pair with more volatile growth picks?
    • If I’m investing for retirement in 20 years, which sectors tend to outperform long-term?
    • What seasonal patterns exist for these stocks or sectors during Q3/Q4? (or whatever quarter you’re looking at investing in)

    A few takeaways:

    • CoPilot is fantastic for Excel-based analysis. It’s great for those who already use spreadsheets or prefer to see things broken down in charts. However, ChatGPT can also do this depending on your prompt
    • ChatGPT is best for strategy and context. It won’t give you hot stock tips, but it will help you think like a long-term investor. It
    • You still need to double-check everything. AI is helpful, not infallible. While it is a very strong tool, I highly recommend using it as a jumping-off point and then going from there.

    For example, if I were to invest my money into these stocks using AI, I would most likely do the following: 

    1. Ask for stock recommendations
    2. Ask AI to dive further into the recommendations given beyond the surface-level information it initially gives
    3. Research the company outside of AI
    4. Test it on Investopedia (if I were unsure)
    5. Decide whether or not it’s a worthy investment from there

    Would I Use AI for Investing Again?

    Absolutely—AI has the potential to be a powerful ally in investing, as long as you treat it like a tool, not a crystal ball. It can help you analyze trends, spot opportunities, and make more informed decisions, but it shouldn’t replace critical thinking or sound judgment.

    For those who want personalized, fiduciary advice, human advisors still offer unmatched value. But for DIY investors looking to sharpen their strategy, AI is an incredible resource—smart, fast, and always evolving. Use it wisely, and it can absolutely elevate your investing game.

    See what folks in the Saving Advice forums are saying about investing with AI.

    Read More

    9 Low-Risk Investments That Are Quietly Underperforming in 2025

    8 “Low-Maintenance” Investments That Require Constant Oversight

  • Why Hire a Financial Advisor? Key Benefits and How SmartAsset’s Tool Can Help You Find the Right One – GrowthRapidly

    A Comprehensive Guide – GrowthRapidly


    As a young adult stepping into the world of personal finance, choosing the best first credit card for young adults can feel daunting. With no credit history or limited experience, it’s crucial to select a card that helps build credit responsibly while offering perks like low fees and rewards.

    This guide will walk you through everything you need to know, from why a starter card matters to top recommendations, application tips, and common pitfalls to avoid. Whether you’re a college student, recent graduate, or just starting out, finding the right card can set the foundation for a strong financial future.

    Why Young Adults Need a First Credit Card

    Building credit early is essential for long-term financial health. A good credit score opens doors to loans, apartments, and even job opportunities. For young adults aged 18-25, who often have no credit history, a first credit card acts as a tool to establish that score. According to financial experts, responsible use—paying on time and keeping utilization low—can boost your score significantly within months.

    The best first credit card for young adults should have lenient approval requirements, no annual fees, and educational resources. Unlike traditional cards that require excellent credit, starter cards are designed for beginners. They report to major credit bureaus (Equifax, Experian, TransUnion), helping you create a positive payment history. Plus, many offer cash back or rewards to encourage smart spending.

    However, not all cards are created equal. Secured cards require a deposit, while unsecured ones don’t but may have higher interest rates. The key is balancing accessibility with cost-effectiveness to avoid debt traps.

    Key Features to Look for in the Best First Credit Card

    When searching for the best first credit card for young adults, prioritize these features:

    1. Low or No Annual Fee: Avoid cards that charge yearly just for holding them. Many starter cards waive this to attract new users.

    2. Credit Building Tools: Look for free credit score monitoring, automatic payment reminders, and spending limits to prevent overspending.

    3. Rewards Program: Even basic cash back on everyday purchases like gas or groceries can add value without encouraging frivolous spending.

    4. Low APR: While you should aim to pay in full each month, a lower interest rate protects against emergencies.

    5. Easy Approval: Cards for those with no credit or limited history often use alternative data like income or banking activity for approval.

    6. Security Deposit Options: For secured cards, ensure the deposit is refundable and matches your credit limit.

    Using these criteria, you can narrow down options from issuers like Capital One, Discover, and Chase.

    Top Recommendations for the Best First Credit Card for Young Adults

    Based on current offerings in 2025, here are some standout choices.

    1. Discover it Student Cash Back

    Ideal for college students, this card offers generous rewards without an annual fee. It matches your cash back at the end of the first year, potentially doubling earnings. Approval is easier for those with limited history, and it includes free FICO score access.

    2. Capital One Platinum Secured

    If unsecured cards deny you, this secured option requires a $49-$200 deposit for a $200 limit. It’s fee-free annually and upgrades to unsecured after responsible use. Perfect for young adults building from scratch.

    3. Chase Freedom Student

    With unlimited 1% cash back and a $50 bonus after first purchase, it’s rewarding for beginners. Student perks include credit line increases after five on-time payments.

    4. Petal 1 Visa

    Using “Cash Score” based on banking history, not just credit, it’s accessible for young adults without scores. Rewards at merchants like Amazon make it practical.

    5. OpenSky Secured Visa

    No credit check means near-guaranteed approval with a $200 deposit. It’s a solid starter despite the small annual fee, focusing purely on credit building.

    These cards were selected for their beginner-friendly terms and positive user reviews on sites like NerdWallet and Credit Karma.

    How to Apply for Your First Credit Card

    Applying for the **best first credit card for young adults** is straightforward but requires preparation:

    – Check Eligibility: You must be 18+ with a Social Security number and proof of income (part-time jobs count).

    – Gather Documents: Have ID, address proof, and income details ready.

    – Pre-Qualify: Many issuers offer pre-approval tools that don’t impact your score.

    – Submit Application: Online processes take minutes; expect a decision quickly.

    – Activate and Use Wisely: Start with small purchases and pay off monthly.

    If denied, consider a secured card or becoming an authorized user on a parent’s account to build history.

    Tips for Building Credit with Your First Card

    Once approved, use these strategies to maximize benefits:

    – Pay On Time: Payment history is 35% of your FICO score. Set autopay to avoid late fees.

    – Keep Utilization Low: Aim for under 30% of your limit. For a $500 limit, spend no more than $150.

    – Monitor Your Score: Use free tools from the card issuer or apps like Credit Sesame.

    – Avoid Multiple Applications: Hard inquiries can ding your score temporarily.

    – Upgrade Later: After 6-12 months of good behavior, request a limit increase or switch to a better card.

    Responsible habits can raise your score from nonexistent to good (670+) in a year.

    Common Mistakes to Avoid as a Young Adult

    Young adults often fall into traps like maxing out cards or missing payments, leading to debt and poor credit. Don’t treat it like free money—view it as a loan. Also, avoid closing the card after building credit, as it shortens your history (15% of score). If fees arise, contact the issuer for waivers.

    Alternatives to Credit Cards for Building Credit

    If cards aren’t right yet, consider:

    – Credit-builder loans from banks like Self or Kikoff.

    – Rent reporting services like RentTrack.

    – Secured loans or CDs.

    These report positive activity without spending risks.

    Conclusion: Start Your Credit Journey Today

    Choosing the **best first credit card for young adults** is a smart step toward financial independence. With options like Discover or Capital One, you can build credit affordably and earn rewards. Remember, the goal is long-term habits, not instant gratification. Research, apply responsibly, and watch your score soar. For personalized advice, consult resources like the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. What’s your plan for your first card? Share in the comments!

  • No Tax on Tips in 2025 Trump Tax Law. What’s the Catch?

    No Tax on Tips in 2025 Trump Tax Law. What’s the Catch?


    The 2025 Trump tax law — One Big Beautiful Bill Act (OBBBA) — includes provisions for “No Tax on Tips” and “No Tax on Overtime.” It says if you earn tips, you won’t pay tax on those tips.

    As you can expect, not everyone is eligible, and not all tips will have no tax. “No tax” covers only one type of tax, not all taxes. What’s the catch? Let’s take a deep dive.

    Occupation

    First of all, you must be in “an occupation which customarily and regularly received tips on or before December 31, 2024.” Don’t think you can run to your boss or your clients and have a part of your pay classified as tips if you’re not in those occupations.

    Certain lines of business are automatically excluded. These include health, law, accounting, actuarial science, performing arts, consulting, athletics, financial services, and brokerage services. You don’t qualify whether you work as an owner or an employee and receive tips in these businesses.

    “Performing arts” stands out in this list. The others in the list typically don’t get tips. Does that mean a band or a singer won’t qualify if they receive tips?

    Voluntary Tips Only

    A tip qualifies only if it “is paid voluntarily without any consequence in the event of nonpayment, is not the subject of negotiation, and is determined by the payor.” I guess this means that a mandatory 20% service fee for a group of six or more won’t count.

    The tips can be either cash or card charges. Shared tips count too.

    Properly Reported

    If you’re in the right occupation, it doesn’t matter whether you’re a W-2 employee or you’re paid by a 1099. Restaurant and hotel employees paid by a W-2 qualify. Uber and DoorDash drivers paid by a 1099 qualify as well.

    The tips must be reported to you and the IRS on the W-2 or 1099. Or you can file Form 4137 with your tax return to report tips in addition to the amount on those W-2 or 1099 forms.

    Currently, the W-2 form only has a box for allocated tips. Unallocated tips are mixed with regular pay in other boxes on the W-2. 1099-NEC and 1099-K forms don’t have a separate field for tips right now. The IRS will have to amend those forms with a place to break out tips. Until then, your employer or payor can report the tips to you separately outside the W-2 or 1099.

    Temporary Window

    As is the case with several other provisions in the 2025 Trump tax law affecting individual taxpayers, “No Tax on Tips” is only effective between 2025 and 2028 (inclusive). It expires at the end of 2028.

    Tax Withholding

    This provision only affects your federal income tax. It doesn’t change the Social Security and Medicare taxes withheld from your paychecks. If you’re paid by a 1099, it doesn’t reduce the self-employment tax you must pay in addition to the regular income tax. It doesn’t reduce your state taxes.

    The IRS will make changes to payroll tax withholding to treat tips differently, but the changes won’t start until 2026. You won’t see any change in your paychecks in 2025 unless you change your tax withholding with your employer.

    Tax Deduction

    You will have a new tax deduction for your income from tips when you file your tax return. You’ll get a higher tax refund if the tax withholding was too high.

    This deduction is available whether you take the standard deduction or itemize your deductions. However, it doesn’t lower your AGI. Your income from tips is still included in your AGI. It doesn’t make it easier for you to qualify for other tax benefits, such as the Child Tax Credit.

    Dollar Cap

    You may not be able to deduct all your tips. There’s a $25,000 cap. This cap is the same whether your tax filing status is single, head of household, or married filing jointly.

    I guess Congress thinks that a married couple has at most one person earning tips. Therefore, the dollar cap is the same for a single person and a married couple. If you’re married, and both of you earn tips, the dollar cap for your combined tips is the same as that for a single person.

    Filing separate returns doesn’t help, because you aren’t allowed this tax deduction if you’re married filing separately.

    If you earn tips in a self-employed business (for instance, a sole proprietor hairdresser) and you deduct business expenses, the dollar cap is also limited by the net profit after all business expenses. If you received $20,000 in tips but the business only made $15,000 in net profit, you can only deduct $15,000.

    Income Phaseout

    The $25,000 cap goes down slowly as your income increases above $150,000 ($300,000 for married filing jointly). It decreases by $100 for every $1,000 of income above the threshold. The cap drops to zero when your income gets to $400,000 ($550,000 for married filing jointly).

    Most people receiving tips don’t have an income that high and won’t be affected by the income phaseout.

    Both Tips and Overtime

    “No Tax on Tips” and “No Tax on Overtime” are independent of each other. You qualify for both if you receive both tips and overtime pay (or one person in a married couple earns tips and the other gets overtime). If you’re 65 or older, you also qualify for the Senior Deduction.

    Calculator

    I made a calculator to help you estimate your federal income tax before and after “No Tax on Tips” and “No Tax on Overtime.” Use the calculator to see how much you’ll benefit. Leave the overtime fields at 0 if you don’t have any overtime.

    If you’re married filing jointly, please include income and tips from both of you.

    The calculator estimates taxes using basic assumptions. It doesn’t include the self-employment tax if you’re paid by a 1099. Your taxes may be different if you have a more complex scenario.

    ***

    You’ll find more deep dives on recent changes from the 2025 Trump tax law in the full OBBBA series.

    Say No To Management Fees

    If you are paying an advisor a percentage of your assets, you are paying 5-10x too much. Learn how to find an independent advisor, pay for advice, and only the advice.

    Find Advice-Only

  • EPF vs NPS: Which is Better for Retirement Planning?

    EPF vs NPS: Which is Better for Retirement Planning?


    Retirement planning isn’t just about saving—it’s about choosing wisely. And when it comes to building a secure future, two names dominate the conversation: the Employees’ Provident Fund (EPF) and the National Pension System (NPS).

    Both are government-backed investment options designed for long-term financial security. They differ in terms of returns, taxation, risk level, liquidity, and structure, making them suitable for different types of investors and goals. These schemes are especially relevant for individuals who want to create a stable and growing retirement fund with dependable tax-saving opportunities.

    So, which one aligns better with your retirement goals?

    In this blog, we break down EPF vs NPS—comparing returns, tax benefits, risks, and flexibility—to help you make a smart, future-ready choice.

    What is EPF?

    The Employees’ Provident Fund (EPF) is a mandatory retirement savings scheme designed for salaried individuals employed in organizations registered under the Employees’ Provident Fund Organisation (EPFO)

    Under this scheme, both the employee and the employer contribute 12% of the employee’s basic salary and dearness allowance each month. EPF is known for offering stable, fixed returns and carries low investment risk, making it a preferred choice for conservative investors.

    Here are some of the key features that make EPF an essential part of retirement planning:

    • EPF interest rate (2024–25): Approximately 8.25%, revised annually by the government
    • Tax benefits: Contributions qualify for deduction under Section 80C
    • EEE status: Contributions, interest earned, and withdrawals (after 5 years) are entirely tax-exempt
    • Low risk: A fixed income instrument, fully backed by the Government of India
    • Liquidity: Allows partial withdrawals for specific life events such as education, home purchase, marriage, or medical emergencies

    Overall, EPF serves as a safe and disciplined way to build a long-term retirement corpus, ensuring both stability and tax efficiency.

    What is NPS?

    TThe National Pension System (NPS) is a voluntary, government-backed retirement investment scheme that allows individuals to build a retirement corpus through market-linked instruments. Regulated by the Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority (PFRDA), the NPS is open to all Indian citizens, including salaried professionals, self-employed individuals, and even NRIs.

    NPS invests your contributions in a diversified portfolio that includes equity, corporate bonds, and government securities. The returns are not fixed, but have historically ranged between 8% and 11% annually, making it an appealing choice for long-term wealth creation.

    Key Features of NPS:

    • Tier Structure:
      • Tier I: Mandatory account for retirement savings; locked in until age 60.
      • Tier II: Optional account with no lock-in, functioning like a regular investment account.
    • Tax-saving investments:
      • Deduction of up to ₹1.5 lakh under Section 80C
      • Additional ₹50,000 under Section 80CCD(1B)—an extra tax-saving opportunity beyond 80C
    • Customisation & Control:
      Choose your own fund manager and asset allocation based on your risk profile and financial goals.
    • Maturity Rules:
      At age 60, you can withdraw up to 60% of the corpus (only 40% is tax-free), while the remaining 40% must be used to purchase an annuity, which provides a monthly pension.

    Overall, the NPS scheme offers a flexible and growth-oriented approach to retirement planning, ideal for those comfortable with moderate market exposure and looking to maximize both returns and tax benefits.

    EPF vs NPS: Feature-by-Feature Comparison

    Feature EPF NPS
    Nature Fixed return, debt-based Market-linked, mixed asset (E/C/G)
    Interest/Return ~8.25% (fixed) 8–11% (variable)
    Risk Very low Moderate (based on asset allocation)
    Tax Benefits Section 80C (up to ₹1.5 lakh) Section 80C + 80CCD(1B) (total ₹2 lakh)
    Liquidity Partial withdrawals allowed Conditional withdrawals after 3 years
    Lock-in Until retirement/resignation Until age 60
    Maturity Taxation Fully tax-free (EEE) 60% withdrawal allowed (40% tax-free)
    Annuity Requirement None 40% mandatory annuity purchase
    Fund Control No control over investments Choose asset allocation & fund manager

    EPF vs NPS: Which Offers Better Returns?

    To compare EPF and NPS meaningfully, let’s consider a real-life scenario that reflects long-term investment growth and retirement benefits.

    Scenario:

    • Age: 30 years
    • Monthly Contribution: ₹6,000
    • Annual Increase in Contribution: 10%
    • Investment Horizon: 30 years

    EPF Calculation:

    Assuming a fixed return of 8.25%, the total accumulated corpus over 30 years would be approximately ₹2.1 crore.

    • The entire corpus is tax-free
    • 100% of the amount can be withdrawn at retirement
    • Offers complete liquidity and control over how you use the funds post-retirement

    NPS Calculation:

    With a market-linked return of 10.5%, the projected corpus would grow to about ₹2.7 crore.
    Here’s how it breaks down:

    • 60% (₹1.62 crore) is withdrawable as a lump sum at retirement
    • 40% (₹1.08 crore) must be used to buy an annuity, which typically yields around 6% annually
    • That annuity translates into a monthly pension of around ₹54,000

    Verdict:

    While NPS beats EPF in nominal corpus, the actual liquidity at retirement (i.e., how much money you can use immediately) may be lower due to taxation and annuity lock-in. EPF, with its full tax-free withdrawal, provides greater control over post-retirement investments.

    Tax Saving Angle: Who Wins?

    When it comes to tax-saving investments, the National Pension System (NPS) offers a slight advantage over the Employees’ Provident Fund (EPF), especially for high-income individuals.

    Here’s how the two compare:

    • EPF:
      • Eligible for deduction up to ₹1.5 lakh under Section 80C
    • NPS:
      • Also allows ₹1.5 lakh deduction under Section 80C
      • Plus an additional ₹50,000 under Section 80CCD(1B)

    This extra ₹50,000 deduction can be a game-changer for those in the 30% tax bracket, leading to additional tax savings of up to ₹15,600.

    So, if your primary goal is maximising tax benefits, NPS edges ahead with its broader deduction window.

    Retirement Planning Strategy: Should You Switch from EPF to NPS?

    Switching completely from EPF to NPS isn’t advisable for most individuals. A balanced strategy works better for long-term wealth creation and tax efficiency.

    Ideal for Conservative Investors

    Stick with EPF if you:

    • Prefer low-risk, fixed returns
    • Want tax-free withdrawals at retirement
    • Value complete control over your retirement corpus

    Ideal for Growth-Oriented Investors

    Choose NPS if you:

    • Are comfortable with market fluctuations
    • Aim for higher long-term returns
    • Seek additional tax deductions beyond Section 80C

    Ideal Retirement Planning Mix

    A smart retirement planning strategy often combines both. Use EPF as your stable foundation and complement it with NPS to enhance growth potential and tax savings. This diversified approach balances safety and growth—something every wise retirement planner aims for.

    Final Thoughts: EPF vs NPS — Which is Right for You?

    There’s no one-size-fits-all answer to the EPF vs NPS debate. Your choice should depend on:

    • Risk appetite
    • Investment horizon
    • Tax planning needs
    • Post-retirement goals

    If capital safety and liquidity are important, EPF is more suitable. If you’re looking for higher returns and added tax deductions, NPS can complement your retirement planning.

    Pro tip from Fincart: Don’t put all your retirement eggs in one basket. Diversify. A combination of EPF, NPS, and other tools like PPF or mutual funds can give you the right balance of security, growth, and flexibility—just like a professional retirement planner would recommend.

    FAQ’s

    Q1: Can I have both EPF and NPS?

    Yes, you can invest in both EPF and NPS to build a diversified retirement corpus with the benefits of stable returns and market-linked growth.

    Q2: Is it good to transfer EPF to NPS?

    It’s allowed, but not always ideal. EPF offers fixed, tax-free returns, while NPS is market-linked. Transfer only if you’re comfortable with market risk.

    Q3: Is EPF good for retirement?

    Yes, EPF is a safe, tax-efficient, and reliable retirement option with guaranteed returns and long-term wealth creation through compounding.

    Author Avatar Prashant Gaur



  • Which Home Loan is Best in 2025?

    Which Home Loan is Best in 2025?


    Confused about RLLR, RBLR or MCLR? Here’s how these home loan rates work, how they reset, and which is best for you under new RBI rules in 2025.

    RLLR, RBLR or MCLR: Which Home Loan is Best in 2025?

    RLLR, RBLR or MCLR Which Home Loan is Best in 2025

    If you have a home loan or are planning to take one in 2025, you must have come across terms like RLLR, RBLR, or MCLR. Many borrowers find these confusing — and no wonder! After all, the interest rate on your loan directly decides your EMI burden, your interest savings, and how quickly you can become debt-free.

    In this detailed post, let’s break down:

    • What RLLR, RBLR, and MCLR actually mean,
    • How they work and reset,
    • Which one might be best for you,
    • What the latest RBI guidelines say,
    • And whether it makes sense to switch.

    First, Why Do Home Loan Rates Keep Changing?

    Unlike fixed deposits, home loan rates are usually floating — meaning they go up or down depending on the economy and RBI’s Repo Rate. The Repo Rate is the rate at which RBI lends money to banks. When RBI cuts the Repo Rate, banks’ cost of funds reduces — so ideally, your home loan rate should also fall. (Refer this article for more clarity (RBI Repo Rate History from 2000 to 2025)

    However, banks don’t always pass on the benefit immediately. That’s why the RBI introduced rules to link retail loans like home loans to external benchmarks, mainly the Repo Rate. This led to products like RLLR and RBLR becoming popular.

    What is RLLR (Repo Linked Lending Rate)?

    RLLR is short for Repo Linked Lending Rate.

    How it works:

    • Your interest rate = RBI Repo Rate + Bank’s Spread
    • If the Repo Rate changes, your home loan rate must change too.
    • Most banks reset the rate quarterly. So every 3 months, your loan rate adjusts based on the current Repo.

    Example:

    • Suppose the RBI Repo Rate is 6.50%
    • Your bank’s spread is 2% (this covers the bank’s cost, profit, risk etc.)
    • So, your home loan rate is 6.50% + 2% = 8.50%

    If RBI cuts the Repo by 0.50%, your rate drops to 8% at your next reset date.

    The spread is fixed for your loan — it won’t change unless you negotiate it during refinancing or balance transfer. Almost every major bank today offers RLLR-based home loans — SBI, Kotak Mahindra Bank, Axis Bank, HDFC Ltd., ICICI Bank, etc. Most new retail home loans are now on RLLR.

    What is RBLR (Repo Based Lending Rate)?

    RBLR stands for Repo Based Lending Rate — it’s similar to RLLR but with a twist.

    How it works:

    • Your loan rate = RBI Repo Rate + Bank’s Spread
    • But here, the spread may depend on your credit score (CIBIL score) and risk profile.
    • It also usually resets quarterly.

    Example:

    • Suppose the Repo Rate is 6.50%.
    • If your CIBIL is excellent (say, above 750–800), your spread may be 2%.
    • So your home loan rate is 8.50%.

    However, if your credit score is lower (say 700), the bank might increase the spread to 2.5% or 3%. So you could end up with a higher rate even if the Repo falls.

    Bank of Baroda (BOB) is the most well-known bank that uses RBLR for retail home loans. Bank of India (BOI) and some other PSUs also offer similar Repo-linked but risk-based lending.

    In simple way, we can tabulate the same as below.

    Aspect RLLR RBLR
    Linked to Repo? Yes Yes
    Spread Fixed Depends on credit score, can vary
    Reset frequency Usually quarterly Usually quarterly
    Popular banks SBI, Kotak, Axis, HDFC BOB, BOI
    Flexibility More predictable Can vary person-to-person

    So, RLLR is more transparent — what you see is what you get. RBLR can reward good credit scores but penalise weaker profiles.

    What is MCLR (Marginal Cost of Funds based Lending Rate)?

    Before the RBI made Repo-linked lending mandatory for retail loans, most loans were linked to MCLR.

    How it works:

    • The MCLR is set by the bank based on its internal cost of funds.
    • The rate has a spread added by the bank.
    • Banks decide when to pass on the benefit of Repo cuts — so your rate might not drop immediately.
    • Reset frequency is usually annual or semi-annual.

    Example:

    • Bank’s MCLR is 8%
    • Spread is 0.50% ? Home loan rate = 8.50%
    • If the Repo drops, the bank might not reduce MCLR immediately.

    Who still has MCLR?
    Many older loans are still on MCLR. Even today, some car or personal loans might be on MCLR. But for new retail home loans, banks now push RLLR/RBLR.

    How Do These Rates Reset?

    RLLR/RBLR:

    • Most banks reset quarterly.
    • Example: SBI resets on the 1st of every quarter — April 1, July 1, October 1, January 1.
    • The Repo Rate on the last RBI policy before reset is what matters.

    MCLR:

    • Typically reset annually — so any benefit/damage hits only once a year.
    • Less flexible, slower to adjust.

    Should You Switch from MCLR to RLLR or RBLR?

    Many people with older home loans are paying higher interest because MCLR doesn’t drop fast. If you have an old MCLR loan, check:

    • Your current rate vs new RLLR/RBLR rate.
    • Conversion fee — banks charge a small fee (0.5% or Rs.5,000–10,000) to switch.
    • If the savings are big enough, switching is smart.

    Example:
    If you’re paying 9% on MCLR, and new RLLR is 8.5%, you save Rs.50,000–Rs.1 lakh over the balance tenure on an average Rs.30 lakh loan. So paying a Rs.5,000 fee is worth it.

    Which is Best in 2025?

    RLLR — Best for maximum Repo benefit. Spread is fixed, so you get full benefit of RBI cuts.
    RBLR — Good if you have a high CIBIL score (750+) and your bank’s spread is competitive.
    MCLR — Not recommended for new loans. Only keep it if your bank’s old MCLR is lower than the new RLLR, which is rare.

    Conclusion – Always check your sanction letter — it clearly says whether your loan is RLLR, RBLR or MCLR and the reset frequency. Keep your CIBIL score above 750 — this gets you the best spread. If you see your bank’s new rate is lower, talk to them — a conversion or balance transfer can save lakhs. Use your bank’s online interest rate page to compare old vs new.

    India’s home loan market is more transparent now than ever, thanks to RBI’s external benchmark rules. RLLR and RBLR make sure you actually benefit when RBI cuts the Repo Rate. But it’s important to understand the fine print, maintain a good credit profile, and keep an eye on your loan documents.

    Small tweaks can save you big money — so stay informed, compare, and act smart!

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  • 8 Financial Tactics Used by Adult Children to Take Control of Elder Assets

    8 Financial Tactics Used by Adult Children to Take Control of Elder Assets


    8 Financial Tactics Used by Adult Children to Take Control of Elder Assets
    Image source: Unsplash

    Trust is the foundation of most family relationships, especially between parents and their adult children. As parents age, they may begin to rely more on their children for help with errands, healthcare, and, eventually, money management. But that trust can become a point of vulnerability when well-meaning involvement slowly turns into quiet financial control.

    Many older adults don’t recognize the early signs that a child is taking over their financial life. The process rarely starts with overt theft or confrontation. More often, it begins with small, seemingly helpful gestures: offering to organize bills, managing online accounts, or becoming a joint signer on a bank account. Over time, these “helpful” actions can morph into something far more serious—an erosion of financial autonomy.

    Here are eight subtle but powerful tactics some adult children use to gain control over their parents’ assets. Each may appear harmless at first glance, but taken together, they can leave seniors with little say over their own money.

    1. Gaining Access Through Joint Bank Accounts

    One of the most common tactics is convincing a parent to add the child as a joint owner on a checking or savings account. This move is often framed as practical, so the child can help pay bills or withdraw cash in an emergency. But joint ownership gives full legal access to the account, meaning the child can make withdrawals or close the account without the parent’s permission.

    This arrangement bypasses the safeguards of a power of attorney and creates a situation where money can be moved or spent without oversight. In some cases, funds intended for long-term care or other critical needs are quietly depleted, leaving the parent with few options and little recourse.

    2. Pushing for Control of Online Financial Accounts

    Digital management of finances is now the norm, but older adults may feel overwhelmed by online banking portals, investment apps, or bill-pay systems. Some children step in under the guise of convenience, offering to “handle everything” by changing passwords or transferring accounts to their own devices.

    This may seem helpful, but it also shifts control away from the aging parent. Once login credentials are changed, the parent may no longer have easy access or even visibility into their own money. In the worst cases, this tactic becomes a digital gatekeeping method, allowing the child to monitor or manipulate spending without the parent realizing it.

    3. Influencing Estate Planning Documents

    Encouraging a parent to draft or revise legal documents like wills, trusts, or powers of attorney is not inherently suspicious. But when one adult child takes a lead role, especially without involving siblings or a neutral third party, it raises red flags.

    Some children steer their parents toward estate attorneys of their choosing or even present pre-filled templates to sign. They may convince the parent to assign them sole authority, exclude other family members, or adjust inheritance percentages under emotional pressure.

    Because estate planning often happens in private, these decisions can go unnoticed until the damage is done. And by then, assets may be legally bound to new beneficiaries or tied up in irreversible legal structures.

    4. Redirecting Mail and Phone Communications

    Another tactic is subtle but effective: redirecting financial mail or setting up call forwarding. By changing billing addresses or phone numbers for banks, insurance policies, and retirement plans, the adult child becomes the first—and sometimes only—point of contact for crucial financial information.

    This creates a vacuum of communication where the parent is no longer directly informed of changes, bills, or account activity. Once isolated, they may not realize when accounts are altered, policies are canceled, or investments are withdrawn. It gives the controlling child full narrative control while cutting off access to financial transparency.

    5. Framing Financial Takeover as Protection

    One of the more manipulative tactics is using fear-based language to convince a parent that they’re vulnerable to scammers or poor decision-making. A child may repeatedly emphasize the risks of fraud, cognitive decline, or “bad investments” until the parent feels anxious and dependent.

    This erosion of confidence can be subtle but powerful. Eventually, the parent may begin deferring all financial decisions to the child, believing they’re no longer capable. While genuine protection is important, this tactic plays on fear to consolidate control under the guise of safety.

    Once trust is transferred this way, it becomes difficult for the parent to assert boundaries without feeling ashamed or embarrassed.

    6. Taking Over Bill Pay and “Reimbursing Later”

    Some adult children offer to cover bills “for now” and suggest they’ll be reimbursed later by the parent. This temporary solution—meant to be helpful—can evolve into long-term control over spending decisions. They may start paying only the bills they approve of, delay others, or use the situation to justify accessing larger sums from their parents’ accounts.

    It also creates an uneven power dynamic. The parent may feel indebted or guilty, further reinforcing the child’s role as the financial authority. Over time, this can lead to less questioning, fewer checks and balances, and growing financial dependence.

    7. Selling Assets Without Transparent Consent

    When an aging parent owns a car, collectibles, or even property they no longer use regularly, some adult children push for a quick sale, claiming it’s a way to simplify life or free up cash for expenses. But if that asset is sold without full consent or documentation, it can cross into exploitation.

    This becomes especially problematic when the child arranges the sale themselves, controls the payment, and fails to share receipts or sale details with the parent. The asset may be undervalued, sold to a friend, or disappear altogether, leaving the parent unaware of what their property was truly worth.

    8. Using Guilt or Obligation to Justify Financial Access

    Perhaps the most insidious tactic is emotional manipulation. A child may invoke past sacrifices—such as helping care for the parent, paying for early medical needs, or giving up their job—to justify why they “deserve” some level of financial access or compensation.

    This emotional leverage often works because parents don’t want to appear ungrateful or dismissive of their children’s help. But this guilt-based rationale can blur the lines between support and entitlement. Over time, the parent may allow more financial access than they’re comfortable with, simply to keep the peace or avoid confrontation.

    When Help Turns Harmful: Knowing the Line

    Many adult children take on financial responsibilities out of love and necessity. But when oversight becomes overreach, and support becomes control, older adults can quickly find themselves sidelined in their own financial lives. What starts as help can evolve into subtle exploitation, especially when boundaries aren’t clearly drawn.

    Recognizing these tactics early can prevent larger issues down the road. Just because it’s family doesn’t mean it’s safe to surrender total control without proper safeguards. Documentation, transparency, and shared decision-making are key to preserving both autonomy and trust.

    Protecting Yourself Without Alienating Loved Ones

    You don’t have to choose between protecting your finances and staying close to your family. The key is setting up structures that respect both. That includes:

    • Creating a durable power of attorney that clearly defines roles and limits

    • Using third-party professionals (like financial advisors or elder law attorneys) for major decisions

    • Keeping digital access limited and passwords private

    • Reviewing bank and credit statements regularly, even if someone else helps manage them

    Family support should never come at the cost of personal autonomy. The most loving thing an adult child can do is help their parent stay in control, not quietly take the wheel without consent.

    Have you witnessed or experienced financial overreach from a family member? What boundaries helped preserve trust without sacrificing independence?

    Read More:

    7 Financial Advisors Under Fire for Elder Manipulation

    7 Overlooked Signs of Early Financial Abuse in the Elderly