Category: Finance

From its humble beginnings in 2008 to today, Bitcoin’s history has been relatively short but very eventful. The original protocol for this popular digital currency was created in 2008 by Satoshi Nakamoto, believed to be a pseudonym for an unknown developer or group of developers. 

Nakamoto launched the Bitcoin network just a year later and began mining the currency— an estimated 1 million bitcoins were mined in the early years.

The creator(s) of this first-of-its-kind asset developed the cryptocurrency in response to the Great Recession of 2007-2009, spurred by a distrust of the traditional banking system and concerns about its stability. 

Given the recent values of Bitcoin, it’s hard to believe the currency first started trading on exchanges in 2010 at under $0.10. Since then, it’s experienced astronomical growth and some pretty wild price swings.

At its most recent high, one bitcoin was worth over $64,000—a far cry from trading for pennies in its earliest days. 

Whether you’re thinking of investing in Bitcoin or you’ve held this cryptocurrency for several years, it’s fun to look back at this groundbreaking asset’s history. Read on for insights on Bitcoin milestones, historical returns, and how its returns compare to those of other assets.

Bitcoin Performance Milestones

Since being created, Bitcoin has experienced several milestones. Here’s a look back at some of the most significant moments in the short history of this cryptocurrency:

• In June 2011, Bitcoin saw its first significant price spike, climbing to a value of $29.60 (up from just $0.30 in January) before declining again later that year.

• The second half of 2013 marked another major spike—from $68 on July 4th to $1,237 on December 3rd before declining again.

• One of Bitcoin’s most significant increases happened in 2017, with its value surging from around $1,000 at the start of the year to $19,345 by mid-December. 

• The Bitcoin hype cooled in 2018, resulting in significant declines—its lowest value was around $3,232 in December of that year.

• In 2019, Bitcoin saw another spike, hitting $13,813 on June 26th before declining.

• Bitcoin dropped by over 75% in 2022

• Bitcoin continues to hover around the $30k mark in 2023

Bitcoin Total Return (10 Year, 5 Year, 3 Years, 1 Year)

While Bitcoin isn’t exempt from the volatility cryptocurrencies often experience, it’s delivered some impressive returns over the years. Here’s a look at Bitcoin’s annual returns from 2010 to 2022:

And here’s a look at monthly returns, if you feel like getting a deeper dive:

While Bitcoin has experienced some wild monthly price swings and a couple of years where its value has declined, you can see that its declines have been eclipsed by some incredible gains. Now let’s explore how Bitcoin’s value has changed over 10, 5, 3, and 1 years.

Bitcoin 10-Year Return

Let’s say you bought one bitcoin on August, 3rd 2013, for $1,106.75, its price at the time. If you held that one bitcoin until August 3rd, 2023, it would’ve been worth $29,310.44, and your total ROI for the 10 years would be 2,546.8%.

Bitcoin 5-Year Return

We’ll also assume you purchased one Bitcoin for this example. A single bitcoin was valued at $965.31 on August, 3rd, 2018, and its value climbed to $29,310.44 by August 2023. Using our calculation above, your total ROI for those five years would be 294.1%.

Bitcoin 3-Year Return

A single bitcoin was valued at $11,246.20 in August 2020, and its value climbed to $29,310.44 at the end of 2021. Your total ROI for those three years would be 160.6%.

Bitcoin 1-Year return

If you purchased a single bitcoin in August 2022, you would’ve paid around $22,626.83. In one year, that value would’ve increased to $29,310.44. Your total returns for that year would be 29.54%.

Bitcoin Multi-Year Returns Compared

How Much You’d Have If You Invested $1,000 in Bitcoin 10, 5, 3, or 1 Year Ago

Instead of buying one bitcoin, let’s say you decided to invest $1,000 into Bitcoin. Here’s a look at how this $1,000 investment would’ve performed if you bought and held your Bitcoin for 10, 5, 3, and 1 years.

While Bitcoin’s earliest investors would have benefitted the most from buying and holding their Bitcoin, those who’ve invested recently also fared well.

How Does Bitcoin Compare to Other Asset Classes?

If you’re curious how Bitcoin returns compare to those of other asset classes, here’s how its annual and total returns compare to gold, real estate, and the S&P 500.

(Spoiler alert: Bitcoin outperformed all three assets by an enormous margin.)

Bitcoin vs. Gold

If you compare Bitcoin’s returns to gold’s returns, you’ll notice a stark difference. Bitcoin has an average annual return of 1,576% and a total return of 18,912% from 2010 to 2022, while SPDR Gold Shares had an average annual return of just 5.14% and a total return of 61.67% over the same period. 

Bitcoin vs. Real Estate

Let’s see if real estate fared any better compared to Bitcoin. The cryptocurrency delivered a whopping 1,576% average annual return and an 18,912% total return from 2010 to 2021, while the Vanguard Real Estate ETF had an average annual return of 13.49% and a total return of 161.91% over the same period.

So, real estate saw slightly higher returns than gold, but it still didn’t come close to Bitcoin’s returns.

Bitcoin vs. S&P 500 (Stock Market)

The S&P 500 didn’t fare too much better in its head-to-head with Bitcoin. From 2011 to 2023, the Vanguard S&P 500 ETF delivered an average annual return of 15.74% and a total return of 173.14%. While those numbers aren’t too shabby, Bitcoin’s average annual return for the same period was a whopping 819%, and its total return was 9,012%.

How Does Bitcoin Compare to The Best Performing Stocks?

We’ve analyzed how Bitcoin compares to gold, real estate, and the stock market, but how does it stack up against some of the best-performing stocks? Here’s how this popular cryptocurrency stacks up against major companies like Amazon, Apple, Berkshire Hathaway, JP Morgan, Microsoft, Visa, and Walmart.

We looked at the average annual and total returns for each asset. This data assumes you bought the asset in 2010 and held it until 2023. 

The Bottom Line – Bitcoin Historical Returns

While some investors may be skeptical about cryptocurrency, citing concerns over market volatility and a high risk of loss, Bitcoin’s performance over time paints a rosy picture. With its longevity and astronomically high returns, Bitcoin has been worth the risk for many investors—especially early adopters. 

Of course, historical performance doesn’t guarantee future returns. So if you’re considering investing in cryptocurrency, only invest what you can afford to lose.

I love participating in loyalty and reward programs. They’re almost always free, gets you free “stuff,” and there’s really no downside. The only risk is that you overspend, which I’m not prone to do.

And if you don’t participate, you invisibly subsidizing the folks who do. It’s like not using a rewards credit card, you still pay a premium but you don’t get any rewards.

What gets especially challenging is when you start hoarding points. This happens a lot with travel rewards because you want to wait until there are transfer bonuses you can take advantage of, less so with reward points from coffeeshops or restaurants.

Look at what happened to this poor soul:

After six months of inactivity, nearly 5 entrées worth of points expired in his Chipotle account!

Points never go up in value. You should spend them!

There are two risks with hoarding points:

1. They expire worthless, or,
2. They devalue those points.

And what makes it even harder is that programs have different expiration policies. Some expire a set time after the point is earned. Some expire if there’s a period of inactivity (you haven’t shopped there in a while). Some do both.

As for devaluation… it is common for companies to adjust their policies. Sometimes they devalue points and miles outright. Sometimes they change how the redemption process works. Sometimes they change what you can redeem the points for!

It’s hard to keep track of each stores policy so I’ve put together this guide to helping you understand them. Take note of the expiration policy as well as the last time they devalued points.

It’s important to verify anything you see with the company directly because programs change constantly and I won’t be able to keep it 100% up to date.

☕ Coffee Shops

1. Starbucks Rewards

• How it works: Earn 2 Stars per $1 spent with a registered card or app.
• Expiration: Stars expire 6 months after the month they were earned.
• Last devaluation: In February 2023, Starbucks increased the number of Stars required for most redemptions, with some items requiring up to 100% more Stars. <a href=”https://onemileatatime.com/news/starbucks-rewards-devaluing/” target=”_blank”>Learn more</a>​One Mile at a Time

2. Dunkin’ Rewards

• How it works: Earn 10 points per $1 spent.
• Expiration: Points expire 6 months after they are earned.
• Last devaluation: In October 2022, Dunkin’ overhauled its rewards program, increasing the points required for free drinks and eliminating free birthday drinks. Learn more.

3. Costa Coffee Club

• How it works: Collect 1 Bean per drink purchase; 10 Beans earn a free drink.
• Expiration: Beans expire 12 months after the last transaction.
• Last devaluation: No recent devaluation reported.

🍔 Fast Food Restaurants

1. McDonald’s Rewards

• How it works: Earn 100 points per $1 spent.
• Expiration: Points expire 6 months after the month they were earned.
• Last devaluation: No significant devaluation since the nationwide launch in July 2021.​

2. Burger King Royal Perks

• How it works: Earn 10 Crowns per $1 spent.
• Expiration: Crowns expire 6 months after they are earned.
• Last devaluation: No recent devaluation reported.

3. Wendy’s Rewards

• How it works: Earn 10 points per $1 spent.
• Expiration: Points expire 12 months after they are earned.
• Last devaluation: No recent devaluation reported.​

4. Chick-fil-A One

• How it works: Earn points with every purchase; the amount varies based on the item.
• Expiration: Points do not expire, but rewards do.
• Last devaluation: No recent devaluation reported.​

5. Panera Bread MyPanera

• How it works: Earn rewards based on visit frequency and spending.
• Expiration: Rewards typically expire 60 days after issuance.
• Last devaluation: No recent devaluation reported.​

6. Pizza Hut Hut Rewards

• How it works: Earn 2 points per $1 spent.
• Expiration: Points expire 6 months after they are earned.
• Last devaluation: No recent devaluation reported.

7. Chipotle

• How it works: Earn 10 points per $1 spent.
• Expiration: Points expire after 180 days of account inactivity.
• Last devaluation: Last devaluation was in October 2022, when the free entree went from 1,400 to 1,625 points. Learn more.

8. Church’s Texas Chicken Real Rewards

• How it works: Earn 10 points per $1 spent.
• Expiration: Points expire 9 months after they are earned.
• Last devaluation: Program launched in 2023; no devaluation reported since inception.​

✈️ Airline Loyalty Programs

1. Delta SkyMiles

• How it works: Earn miles based on the ticket price and Medallion status.
• Expiration: Miles do not expire.
• Last devaluation: In 2024, Delta discontinued Medallion Qualification Miles (MQMs) and introduced changes to the Medallion Status qualification process. Learn more.

2. American Airlines AAdvantage

• How it works: Earn miles based on the ticket price and elite status.
• Expiration: Miles expire after 24 months of inactivity.
• Last devaluation: In 2022, American Airlines introduced Loyalty Points, changing how elite status is earned. Learn more.

3. United MileagePlus

• How it works: Earn miles based on the ticket price and Premier status.
• Expiration: Miles do not expire.
• Last devaluation: No recent devaluation reported.​

4. Southwest Rapid Rewards

• How it works: Earn points based on the fare and fare type.
• Expiration: Points do not expire.
• Last devaluation: In March 2025, Southwest adjusted the number of Rapid Rewards points customers earn per dollar spent on flights. Learn more​.

5. JetBlue TrueBlue

• How it works: Earn points based on the fare and fare type.
• Expiration: Points do not expire.
• Last devaluation: No recent devaluation reported.​

🏨 Hotel Loyalty Programs

1. Marriott Bonvoy

• How it works: Earn points for stays and other activities.
• Expiration: Points expire after 24 months of inactivity.
• Last devaluation: In 2025, Marriott increased award costs at some top properties, with some hotels now requiring up to 200,000 points per night. Learn more.

2. Hilton Honors

• How it works: Earn points for stays and other activities.
• Expiration: Points expire after 24 months of inactivity.
• Last devaluation: No recent devaluation reported.​

3. World of Hyatt

• How it works: Earn points for stays and other activities.
• Expiration: Points expire after 24 months of inactivity.
• Last devaluation: No recent devaluation reported.​

4. IHG One Rewards

• How it works: Earn points for stays and other activities.
• Expiration: Points expire after 12 months of inactivity.
• Last devaluation: In 2023, IHG revamped its rewards program.

5. Choice Privileges

• How it works: Earn points for stays and other activities.
• Expiration: Points expire after 18 months of inactivity.
• Last devaluation: No recent devaluation reported.

If there is another company you want added to the list, let me know!

[Updated on January 30, 2025 with screenshots from FreeTaxUSA for the 2024 tax year.]

TurboTax and H&R Block are the two major tax software for filing personal tax returns. A low-cost alternative to TurboTax and H&R Block software is FreeTaxUSA. FreeTaxUSA isn’t only for simple returns. It can still handle more complex transactions, such as the Backdoor Roth.

Just as a refresher, a Backdoor Roth involves making a non-deductible contribution to a Traditional IRA followed by converting from the Traditional IRA to a Roth IRA. Both the contribution and the conversion need to be reported in the tax software. For more information on Backdoor Roth, please read Backdoor Roth: A Complete How-To.

What To Report

You report on the tax return your contribution to a Traditional IRA *for* that year, and you report the conversion to Roth *during* that year.

For example, when you are doing your tax return for year 2024, you report the contribution you made *for* 2024, whether you actually did it in 2024 or between January 1 and April 15, 2025. You also report the conversion to Roth *during* 2024, whether the contribution was made for 2024, 2023, or any previous years. Therefore a contribution made in 2025 for 2024 goes on the tax return for 2024. A conversion done during 2025 after you made a contribution for 2024 goes on the tax return for 2025.

You do yourself a big favor and avoid a lot of confusion by doing your contribution for the current year and finishing your conversion in the same year. I call this a “planned” Backdoor Roth or a “clean” Backdoor Roth — you’re doing it deliberately. Don’t wait until the following year to contribute for the previous year.  Contribute for 2025 in 2025 and convert it in 2025. Contribute for 2026 in 2026 and convert it in 2026. This way everything is clean and neat.

If you are already off by one year, it depends on whether you’re handling the contribution part or the conversion part right now. If you contributed to a Traditional IRA for 2024 in 2025 or if you recharacterized a 2024 Roth contribution to Traditional in 2025, please follow Split-Year Backdoor Roth IRA in FreeTaxUSA, Year 1. If you contributed to a Traditional IRA for 2023 in 2024 or if you recharacterized a 2023 Roth contribution to Traditional in 2024 and converted in 2024, please follow Split-Year Backdoor Roth IRA in FreeTaxUSA, Year 2. If you recharacterized a 2024 Roth contribution to Traditional in 2024 and converted in 2024, please follow Backdoor Roth in FreeTaxUSA: Recharacterize & Convert, Same Year.

Here’s the scenario we’ll use as an example:

You contributed $7,000 to a traditional IRA in 2024 for 2024. Your income is too high to claim a deduction for the contribution. By the time you converted it to Roth IRA, also in 2024, the value grew to $7,200. You have no other traditional, SEP, or SIMPLE IRA after you converted your traditional IRA to Roth. You did not roll over any pre-tax money from a retirement plan to a traditional IRA after you completed the conversion.

If your scenario is different, you will have to make some adjustments to the screens shown here.

Before we start, suppose this is what FreeTaxUSA shows:

We’ll compare the results after we enter the Backdoor Roth.

Convert From Traditional IRA to Roth

The tax software works on income items first. We enter the conversion first even though the conversion happened after the contribution.

When you convert from a Traditional IRA to a Roth IRA, you will receive a 1099-R form. Complete this section only if you converted *during* 2024. If you only converted in 2025, you won’t have a 1099-R until next January. Please follow Split-Year Backdoor Roth IRA in FreeTaxUSA, Year 1 now and come back next year to follow Split-Year Backdoor Roth IRA in FreeTaxUSA, Year 2. If your conversion during 2024 was against a contribution you made for 2023 or a 2023 contribution you recharacterized in 2024, please follow Split-Year Backdoor Roth IRA in FreeTaxUSA, 2nd Year.

In our example, by the time you converted, the money in the Traditional IRA had grown from $7,000 to $7,200.

Click on “Add a 1099-R” when it asks you about the 1099-R.

It’s just a regular 1099-R.

Enter the 1099-R exactly as you have it. Pay attention to the code in Box 7 and the checkboxes. It’s normal to have the same amount as the taxable amount in Box 2a, when Box 2b is checked saying “taxable amount not determined.”  Pay attention to the distribution code in Box 7. It’s code 2 if you’re under 59-1/2 and code 7 if you’re over 59-1/2. The IRA/SEP/SIMPLE box is also checked.

Right after you enter the 1099-R, you will see the refund number drop. Here we went from a $1,540 refund to $264. Don’t panic. It’s normal and temporary. The refund number will come up when we finish everything.

We did not inherit this IRA.

It asks you about Roth conversion. Answer Yes to conversion and enter the converted amount.

You are done with this 1099-R. Repeat if you have another 1099-R. If you’re married and both of you did a Backdoor Roth, pay attention to whose 1099-R it is when you enter the second one. You’ll have problems if you assign both 1099-R’s to the same person when they belong to each spouse.

Click on “Continue” when you’re done with all the 1099-R forms.

It asks you about the basis carried over from previous years. If you did a clean “planned” backdoor Roth every year, you can answer “No.” Answering “Yes” and entering all 0’s on the next page has the same effect as answering “No.” If you have gone back and forth before you found this guide, some of your previous answers may be stuck. Answering “Yes” here will give you a chance to review and correct them. If you have a basis carryover on line 14 of Form 8606 from your previous year’s tax return, answer Yes here and enter it on the next page.

The values should be all 0 if you did a “clean” planned backdoor Roth. If you had a small amount of earnings posted to your Traditional IRA after the conversion and you didn’t convert the earnings, enter the account’s value in the second box from your year-end statement.

We didn’t take any disaster distribution.

Now continue with all other income items until you are done with income. Your refund meter is still lower than it should be but it will change soon.

Traditional IRA Contribution

Find the IRA Contributions section under the “Deductions / Credits” menu.

Answer Yes to the first question. An excess contribution means contributing more than you’re allowed to contribute. We didn’t have that.

Enter the amount you contributed to the Traditional IRA in the first box. Leave the answer to “Did you switch or recharacterize” at No. We converted. We didn’t recharacterize. We didn’t repay any distribution either.

Your refund number goes up again! It was a refund of $1,540 before we started. It went down a lot and now it’s back to $1,496. The $44 difference is due to paying tax on the $200 earnings before we converted to Roth.

We didn’t contribute to a SEP, solo 401k, or SIMPLE plan. Answer Yes if you did.

Withdraw means pulling money out of a Traditional IRA back to your checking account. Converting to Roth is not a withdrawal. Answer ‘No‘ here.

All values are zero when you did a “clean” planned Backdoor Roth. If you had a small amount of earnings posted to your Traditional IRA after you converted and you didn’t convert the earnings, enter the balance of your Traditional IRA from your year-end statement in the second box.

You see this screen only if your income falls below the income limit that allows a deduction for your Traditional IRA contribution. You don’t see this if your income is above the income limit. Answering Yes will make your contribution deductible but it will also make your conversion taxable. Although it works out to be a wash in the end, it’s less confusing if you answer No here and make the entire amount that could be deducted nondeductible.

It tells us we don’t get a deduction because our income was too high or because we chose to make our contribution nondeductible. We know. That’s why we did the Backdoor Roth.

Taxable Income from Backdoor Roth

After going through all these, let’s confirm how you’re taxed on the Backdoor Roth. Click on the three dots on the top right above the IRA Deduction Summary and then click on “Preview Return.”

Look for Line 4 in Form 1040.

It shows $7,200 in IRA distributions in line 4a and only $200 is taxable in line 4b. If you are married filing jointly and both of you did a backdoor Roth, the numbers here will show double.

Tah-Dah! You put money into a Roth IRA through the backdoor when you aren’t eligible to contribute to it directly. You pay tax on a small amount of earnings if you waited between contributions and conversion. That’s negligible relative to the benefit of having tax-free growth on your contributions for many years.

Troubleshooting

If you followed the steps and you are not getting the expected results, here are a few things to check.

The Entire Conversion Is Taxed

If you don’t have a retirement plan at work, you have a higher income limit to take a deduction on your Traditional IRA contribution. FreeTaxUSA gives you the option to take a deduction when it sees that your income qualifies. Taking the deduction makes a corresponding amount of the Roth conversion taxable. Answering “No” in the “Do you want to take your IRA deduction?” page will have you taxed only on the earnings in your Roth conversion.

Self vs Spouse

If you are married, make sure you don’t have the 1099-R and the IRA contribution mixed up between yourself and your spouse. If you inadvertently assigned two 1099-Rs to one person instead of one for you and one for your spouse, the second 1099-R will not match up with a Traditional IRA contribution made by a spouse. If you entered a 1099-R for both yourself and your spouse but you only entered one Traditional IRA contribution, you will be taxed on one 1099-R.

Retirement may feel like a distant concern, especially when you’re focused on building your career or managing daily expenses. But without a proper plan, the future can become financially uncertain—particularly in India, where most private-sector employees lack pension coverage and government-backed social security is limited. 

Rising healthcare costs, inflation, and longer life expectancy make it critical to secure your post-retirement years through disciplined saving and smart investments. Retirement planning isn’t just about saving money—it’s about ensuring independence, comfort, and peace of mind in your later years.

This article explores the key benefits of retirement planning, particularly for Indian earners across all income levels.

What Is Retirement Planning?

Retirement planning is the process of setting financial goals, saving, and investing to ensure a steady flow of income post-retirement. It involves estimating your future expenses, choosing the right investment tools, and accounting for inflation, healthcare, and lifestyle needs.

A solid plan ensures that you don’t outlive your savings and can maintain financial independence in your golden years.

Why Is Retirement Planning Crucial in India?

Unlike some developed countries, India doesn’t offer universal social security. While government employees have pensions and Provident Funds, the private sector lacks such extensive support. Rising healthcare costs, increased life expectancy, and the nuclear family structure further stress the need for retirement planning.

That’s where understanding the benefits of retirement planning becomes essential.

Top 10 Benefits of Retirement Planning

1. Financial Independence After Retirement

One of the most significant benefits of retirement planning is ensuring financial independence. With proper planning, you won’t have to rely on children or relatives to support you in old age.

Key Tip: Start saving at least 10–15% of your monthly income in a structured investment product like EPF, NPS, or mutual funds.

2. Power of Compounding

When you begin early, your savings have more time to grow through the power of compounding. Even small contributions can turn into substantial wealth over time.

Example: ₹5,000 invested monthly at 10% annual return for 30 years = ₹1.13 crore.

3. Beating Inflation

Inflation erodes the value of money over time. What costs ₹50,000 a month today might cost ₹2 lakh per month 30 years later. A proper retirement plan includes inflation-adjusted savings goals and helps maintain your purchasing power.

4. Covers Healthcare and Emergency Costs

Medical expenses increase as you age. Health insurance alone may not be enough. A retirement corpus provides a cushion to handle hospitalizations, surgeries, or long-term care.

Bullet Benefits:

• No dependence on credit or loans
• Peace of mind during medical emergencies
• Provision for long-term treatments

5. Enables Early Retirement Goals

If you dream of retiring at 50 instead of 60, retirement planning makes it possible. With disciplined savings and investing, you can accumulate enough wealth to take early retirement and pursue your passions.

6. Tax Savings and Efficient Investment Choices

Several retirement plan services offer tax benefits under Sections 80C, 80CCD, and 80D. Investments in NPS, PPF, and pension plans not only build your corpus but also reduce your tax liability.

Tax-Saving Instruments:

• NPS: Deduction up to ₹2 lakh (80C + 80CCD(1B))
• PPF: Tax-free maturity under Section 10(11)
• Senior Citizens Savings Scheme (SCSS): Safe investment with tax benefits

7. Access to Diversified Investment Options

With time on your side, you can explore a mix of high-risk and low-risk investments. Early retirement planning allows you to include:

• Equity mutual funds (for growth)
• Debt funds and PPF (for safety)
• Retirement-focused ULIPs
• Annuity plans for regular income

8. Customized Planning for Private Sector Employees

Private sector employees don’t enjoy post-retirement pensions like government workers. A retirement plan helps:

• Replace your salary with passive income
• Choose investment avenues aligned with your risk profile
• Ensure consistent monthly payouts post-retirement

9. Reduced Burden on Family

Another underrated benefit of retirement planning is reduced stress on your loved ones. By ensuring you’re financially secure, you won’t need to depend on children for your day-to-day needs or emergencies.

10. Helps You Build a Legacy

Once your retirement needs are taken care of, your surplus wealth can be passed on to your children or donated to a cause. Estate and will planning can be integrated into your retirement plan to ensure a smooth wealth transition.

Psychological and Lifestyle Benefits of Retirement Planning

While the financial side of retirement planning is crucial, its emotional and lifestyle benefits are equally valuable. A well-structured retirement plan not only secures your future but also enhances your overall quality of life.

Planning early helps reduce the constant worry about “what happens next?”—a concern that intensifies as one nears retirement. When you’re financially prepared, you’re mentally at ease, and this peace of mind directly impacts your physical and emotional well-being.

Here are some often-overlooked lifestyle and psychological advantages:

• Reduced Mental Stress: Knowing you have a financial cushion allows you to face retirement with confidence, minimizing anxiety related to money or medical emergencies.
• Better Relationships: Financial readiness reduces the chances of dependency-related stress between spouses, children, and extended family. It encourages honest discussions and shared goals within the family.
• Clearer Life Goals: Retirement planning encourages you to think beyond work—what passions or hobbies do you want to pursue? What dreams have you delayed?
• Flexible Living Choices: Whether it’s relocating to a quieter town, downsizing, or travelling during off-seasons, a healthy corpus lets you make lifestyle decisions on your own terms.
• Sense of Purpose: A well-funded retirement allows you to engage in purposeful activities like volunteering, mentoring, or community work—bringing a renewed sense of fulfillment.

In essence, the benefits of retirement planning stretch beyond money management. They create a foundation for a balanced, satisfying life—free from daily financial worries and rich in opportunity for growth, connection, and contentment. As you plan for your golden years, remember: peace of mind is just as important as wealth.

How to Choose the Right Retirement Plan in India

Picking the right plan depends on your age, risk appetite, income, and long-term goals. Here are some guiding steps:

➤ Know Your Future Needs

Estimate monthly expenses post-retirement, healthcare costs, lifestyle choices, and inflation.

➤ Define the Retirement Age

Your investment horizon matters. The earlier you start, the smaller your monthly investment needs to be.

➤ Identify Income Sources

Pensions, rental income, dividends, or annuities—know what inflows you’ll have.

➤ Choose the Right Instruments

Use a mix of equity, debt, and government schemes for balance and stability.

➤ Seek Professional Guidance

Reputable retirement plan services can help create a custom roadmap aligned with your goals.

Popular Retirement Planning Instruments in India

Why Use Retirement Plan Services?

Retirement plan services can:

• Help assess your risk profile
• Create personalized savings strategies
• Provide tax-optimized investment options
• Monitor your portfolio and suggest changes
• Keep your plan aligned with life changes

When Should You Start Retirement Planning?

The best time? As soon as you start earning.

• If you’re in your 20s: Start small, but start now.
• If you’re in your 30s or 40s: It’s not too late—opt for aggressive investing.
• If you’re nearing retirement: Focus on safety, stability, and annuity-based income.

Mistakes to Avoid in Retirement Planning

• Delaying the start
• Underestimating inflation
• Ignoring healthcare expenses
• Putting all money in one investment
• Not reviewing your portfolio periodically

Summary: Securing Your Golden Years

Understanding the benefits of retirement planning can transform the way you manage your financial future. From gaining financial independence to building a legacy, the advantages are multifold. 

Given India’s rising cost of living, changing family structures, and limited social security, being prepared is not just wise—it’s essential.

Start your retirement journey today with the right plan, strategic investments, and professional advice. Because the sooner you start, the stronger your financial future becomes.

FAQs: Benefits of Retirement Planning

Q1. What are the key benefits of retirement planning?

Ans: The key benefits of retirement planning include financial security, beating inflation, tax savings, medical coverage, and ensuring a stress-free life after retirement.

Q2. What retirement plan services are available in India?

Ans: Retirement plan services include personalized retirement advisory, NPS investment help, mutual fund SIP planning, annuity planning, insurance selection, and tax-saving strategies.

Q3. Is it too late to start planning at 40?

Ans: Not at all. While earlier is better, starting at 40 gives you enough time to build a solid retirement fund with focused investments.

Q4. How much money do I need for retirement in India?

Ans: Ideally, you should have a corpus equal to 25–30 times your annual expenses at the time of retirement.

Q5. Are retirement planning services worth it?

Ans: Yes, they help optimize your savings, reduce tax liabilities, and ensure you reach your retirement goals without unnecessary risk.

What are the latest Post Office Small Savings Scheme Interest Rate for July – September 2025? What is the interest rate for PPF, SSY, SCSS, KVP, or NSC schemes for 2025?

The Ministry of Economic Affairs is scheduled to announce the interest rates for all Post Office Small Saving Scheme Interest Rates on a quarterly basis. In line with this, the department has communicated the relevant interest rates for the Post Office Small Savings Scheme for the period of July-September 2025 on 30th June 2025.

Previously, interest rates were announced on an annual basis. However, starting from the fiscal year 2016-17, interest rates will be determined on a quarterly basis. I have previously authored a comprehensive article on this topic, and I am including the link to that article below.

Below is the timetable for change in interest rates for all Post Office Savings Schemes.

Post Office Small Savings Scheme Interest Rate July – September 2025

On 30th June 2025, the Finance Ministry declared that the interest rates for different small savings schemes will stay the same for the quarter beginning 1st July 2025.

The interest rates for different Small Savings Schemes during the first quarter of FY 2025-26, which will commence on 1st July, 2025, and conclude on 30th September, 2025, will remain consistent with those announced for the first quarter (1st March 2025 to 30th June 2025) of FY 2025-26, according to a notification issued by the finance ministry. Refer to the below image for the same.

Hence, the applicable rate of Post Office Small Savings Scheme Interest Rate July – September 2025 is as below.

Note – KVP will now double in 115 months.

I have tabulated the same in the image format also for your reference.

Features of Post Office Savings Schemes

Now let us glance at the Post Office Small Savings Schemes features. This will give you more clarity in choosing the right product for you.

# Post Office Savings Account

Like Bank Account, Post Office also offers you the savings account to its customers. The few features are as below.

• Minimum Rs.500 is required to open the account.
• Account can be opened single, jointly, Minor (above 10 years of age), or a guardian on behalf of a minor.
• Minimum balance to be maintained in an account is INR 500/- , if balance Rs. 500 not maintained, a maintenance fee of one hundred (100) rupees shall be deducted from the account on the last working day of each financial year and after deduction of the account maintenance fee, if the balance in the account becomes nil, the account shall stand automatically closed.
• Cheque facility/ATM facility are available
• Interest earned is Tax-Free up to INR 10,000/- per year from the financial year 2012-13
• Account can be transferred from one post office to another
• One account can be opened in one post office.
• At least one transaction of deposit or withdrawal in three financial years is necessary to keep the account active, else account became silent (Dorment).
• Intra Operable Netbanking/Mobile Banking facility is available.
• Online Fund transfer between Post Office Savings Accounts/Stop Cheque/Transaction View facility is available through Intra Operable Netbanking/Mobile Banking.
• The facility to link with IPPB Saving Account is available.
• Funds Transfer (Sweep in/Sweep out) facility is available with IPPB Saving Account.

# Post Office Fixed Deposits (FDs)

• Minimum of Rs.1,000 and in multiples of Rs.100. There is no maximum limit.
• FD tenure currently available is 1 yr, 2 Yrs, 3 Yrs and 5 Yrs.
• Account can be opened single, jointly, Minor (above 10 years of age) or a guardian on behalf of minor.
• Account can be opened by cash /Cheque and in case of Cheque the date of realization of cheque in Govt. account shall be date of opening of account.
• Account can be transferred from one post office to another
• Single account can be converted into Joint and Vice Versa .
• Any number of accounts can be opened in any post office.
• Interest shall be payable annually, No additional interest shall be payable on the amount of interest that has become due for payment but not withdrawn by the account holder.
• The annual interest may be credited to the savings account of the account holder at his option.
• Premature encashment not allowed before expiry of 6 month, If closed between 6 month to 12 month from date of Opening, Post Office Saving Accounts interest rate will be payable.
• 5 Yrs FD is eligible for tax saving purposes under Sec.80C.

# Post Office Recurring Deposit (RD)

• Minimum is Rs.100 a month and in multiple of Rs.10. There is no maximum limit.
• Account can be opened single, jointly, Minor (above 10 years of age) or a guardian on behalf of minor.
• Tenure of RD is 5 years.
• Account can be opened by cash / Cheque and in case of Cheque the date of deposit shall be date of clearance of Cheque.
• Premature closure is allowed after three years from the date of opening of the account.
• Account can be transferred from one Post Office to another Post Office.
• Subsequent deposit can be made up to 15th day of next month if account is opened up to 15th of a calendar month and up to last working day of next month if account is opened between 16th day and last working day of a calendar month.
• If a subsequent deposit is not made up to the prescribed day, a default fee is charged for each default, default fee @ 1 Rs for every 100 rupee shall be charged. After 4 regular defaults, the account becomes discontinued and can be revived in two months but if the same is not revived within this period, no further deposit can be made.
• If in any RD account, there is a monthly default amount, the depositor has to first pay the defaulted monthly deposit with default fee and then pay the current month deposit.
• There is rebate on advance deposit of at least 6 installments, Rs. 10 for 6 month and Rs. 40 for 12 months Rebate will be paid for the denomination of Rs. 100.
• One loan up to 50% of the balance allowed after one year. It may be repaid in one lumpsum along with interest at the prescribed rate at any time during the currency of the account.
• Account can be extended for another 5 years after it’s maturity.

# Post Office Monthly Income Scheme (MIS)

• Maximum investment is Rs.9 lakh in a single account and Rs.15 lakh jointly (It is revised during the Budget 2023). Earlier it was Rs.4.5 lakh for a single account and Rs.9 lakh for joint accounts.
• Account can be opened single, jointly, Minor (above 10 years of age) or a guardian on behalf of minor.
• Any number of accounts can be opened in any post office subject to maximum investment limit by adding balance in all accounts (Rs. 4.5 Lakh).
• Single account can be converted into Joint and Vice Versa.
• Maturity period is 5 years.
• Interest can be drawn through auto credit into savings account standing at same post office,orECS./In case of MIS accounts standing at CBS Post offices, monthly interest can be credited into savings account standing at any CBS Post offices.
• Can be prematurely en-cashed after one year but before 3 years at the discount of 2% of the deposit and after 3 years at the discount of 1% of the deposit. (Discount means deduction from the deposit.).
• Interest shall be payable to the account holder on completion of a month from the date of deposit.
• If the interest payable every month is not claimed by the account holder such interest shall not earn any additional interest.

# Post Office Senior Citizen Savings Scheme (SCSS)

I have written a detailed post on this. Refer to the same at ” Post Office Senior Citizen Scheme (SCSS)-Benefits and Interest Rate“.

Note – Effective from 1st April 2023, the maximum limit is currently Rs.30 lakh. Earlier it was Rs.15 lakh. This change happened during Budget 2023.

# Public Provident Fund (PPF)

I have written various posts on PPF. Refer the same:-

# National Savings Certificate NSC (VIII Issue)

• Minimum Rs.1,000 and in multiple of Rs.100.
• No maximum limit.
• Account can be opened single, jointly, Minor (above 10 years of age) or a guardian on behalf of minor.
• Tax Benefit under Sec.80C is available.
• Tenure is 5 years.

# Kisan Vikas Patra (KVP) Account

• Minimum Rs.1,000 and in multiples of Rs.100. There is no maximum limit.
• Account can be opened single, jointly, Minor (above 10 years of age) or a guardian on behalf of minor.
• The money will be double at maturity. However, as the interest rate changes on a quarterly basis. The maturity period also varies once in a quarter.

# Sukanya Samriddhi Account Yojana (SSY)

I have written various posts on this. Refer the same:-

Conclusion – While inflation appears to be moderating, and RBI reduced the repo rate consistently, many assumed that this time Government will reduce it’s interest rate. However, luckily the interest rates not changed for this quarter also. This I think is the positive news for many investors 🙂

So you want to help the environment, but you don’t think that you have enough time? Here are 10 simple things that you can do in under a minute that will help the environment and save you money at the same time:

1. Use Half The Amount (time: none):

Try using half the amount of the products you use every day. Most of your everyday household products will work just as well when you use half the amount that you are currently using. Some that you might consider using this method with are laundry detergent, shampoo, cleaning supplies, etc.

2. Cold / Cold Wash (time: under 5 seconds):

A knob turn on your washing machine can save about $100 a year in energy costs. Simply move the water temperature knob to a cold/cold wash setting instead of a hot/cold wash. Since the greatest cost of washing clothes is heating the water, a cold/cold wash can save a significant amount.

3. Put A Towel In The Dryer (time: under 15 seconds):

Go and get the most absorbent towel you can find and place it near your Dryer. Each time you put in a new load of clothes to dry, also throw in the towel. This absorbent towel will reduce the time it takes for the entire load to dry and will save approximately 10% of the energy use.

4. Turn Down Your Water Heater Temperature

This takes under under 5 seconds for gas water heaters – electric water heaters are a bit more complicated and while adjusting them can be done in under a minute if you are mechanically inclined, you may want to have someone do it for you if you aren’t): Most water heaters are set at a higher temperature than they need to be. Adjust your water heater down to 130°F and you will save 3% to 5% on the cost of heating your water for every 10°F the temperature is reduced. On the gas water heaters, all it takes is a turn of the temperature knob to accomplish this.

5. Adjust Your Thermostat (time: under 10 seconds):

With summer just around the corner, adjust your thermostat up a degree or two and for each degree you do so, you will save 3% to 4% on the cooling costs of your house.

6. Turn The Water Off When Brushing/Washing (time: under 5 seconds):

The average bathroom faucet runs at about 2 gallons of water per minute. That means every time you brush your teeth or when you wash your hands with the faucet running, you use about 4 gallons of water. If you brush your teeth twice and wash your hands three times per day, it adds up to 600 gallons of water per month.

7. Turn Off Your Car Engine (time: under 5 seconds):

If your car is going to be idling for more than 45 seconds, it’s more fuel-efficient to turn the engine off and restart the car again when you are ready to move.

8. Close Cooling Vents (time: under 5 seconds for each vent):

There is no reason to cool the portions of your house that you are not going to be in. Walk around your house and close the cooling vents in all the rooms where you don’t spend a lot of time. This will help your air conditioner work less (and thus save energy and money) than if you had all the vents open. Just be sure that there is not a temperature sensor in the room when you close the vents.

9. Replace Light Bulbs (time: under 30 seconds per light bulb):

If you haven’t done so already, replace your regular light bulbs with compact fluorescent light bulbs (CLF). CLFs last ten times as long and only use 25% of the energy that a regular light bulbs uses. Over the life of each light bulb, you should save approximately $40 in energy consumption.

10. Turn Off Your Lights (time: under 5 seconds):

One of the easiest ways to save money and help the environment is to simply turn the light switch off when you leave the room. There is no reason to keep lights on when there is no one there.

It really doesn’t take much time or effort to make a difference. In less than 10 minutes, you can make a significant contribution to the environment and save yourself some money at the same time.

Read More

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Jeffrey strain is a freelance author, his work has appeared at The Street.com and seekingalpha.com. In addition to having authored thousands of articles, Jeffrey is a former resident of Japan, former owner of Savingadvice.com and a professional digital nomad.

Shark Tank is a reality TV show built around entrepreneurs seeking investments in their companies. Some of these companies go on to achieve success. The worst Shark Tank products went absolutely nowhere and produced nothing but losses for their investors.

Let’s take a look at some of the lemons that Shark Tank has produced: the worst Shark Tank products.

Shark Tank: How It Works

Shark Tank is based on a simple premise. Entrepreneurs bring their business ideas into the Shark Tank and ask for money in return for part ownership of their companies. A panel of investors – the “sharks” – listens to the pitches, analyzes their potential, and decides whether to invest.

Like all TV shows, Shark Tank was primarily developed for entertainment: viewers get a vicarious thrill out of watching entrepreneurs lay their ideas on the line and seeing some shot down and others walking away with hundreds of thousands in new capital.

While Shark Tank is all about entertainment, it has been a way for some entrepreneurs to gain both money and publicity, launching their companies to success. It has also launched some spectacular flops. We’ll look at some of the worst Shark Tank products here.

🦈 Learn more: Explore our roundup of the best Shark Tank products that made it big, from innovative gadgets to groundbreaking services.

The 12 Worst Shark Tank Products

Becoming an entrepreneur isn’t as easy as it might first appear. It’s not enough to have a cool idea and bring it straight to market. You need to fully develop your business plan, research the market, identify your target audience, assess the competition, develop an expansion strategy, test the viability of your product, and more.

These entrepreneurs have failed on at least one of these accounts.

1. The Breathometer (2013)

At first glance, the Breathometer, developed by Charles Michael Yim, seemed like an ingenious idea. Presented in season 5 of the show (2013), the portable breathalyzer could pair up with a smartphone to read the user’s blood alcohol levels.

All five of the sharks decided to invest in it, with Mark Cuban, Lori Greiner, Robert Herjavec, Kevin O’Leary, and Daymond John raising 1 million in exchange for just 30% of the business’s equity.

Problems arose after the investment, though. The business couldn’t meet the heightened demand for the product. The product also failed to meet user expectations, delivering inaccurate results and causing the Federal Trade Commission (FDC) to step in.

It wasn’t long before the Breathometer had to be taken off the market. The idea went down the drain, along with the money invested by the sharks.

💵 Learn more: Explore 5 effective ways to get money to start a business, helping you turn your entrepreneurial dreams into reality

2. CATEapp (2012)

In season 4 of the show (2012), the Shark Tank investors heard a presentation from Neal Desai, inventor of CATEapp. Known as the “cheater’s app”, CATEapp offered the ability to hide messages from select contacts, enabling them to only be seen by the phone’s primary user.

Two of the sharks, Kevin O’Leary and Daymond John, were intrigued enough to raise $70,000 in exchange for 35% equity.

The app got thousands of downloads after its Shark Tank appearance, but it quickly became clear that the app was laden with bugs and leaked sensitive information. Its features could also be circumvented rather easily. Moreover, it couldn’t compete with similar, more reliable apps that came to market.

CATEapp is no longer available for downloads, and the money invested in it is gone, making it one of the worst Shark Tank products.

📱 Learn more: Discover how to make money with your phone using our practical tips and ideas that turn your device into a revenue source.

3. Sweet Ballz (2013)

Although the investors in Shark Tank have, on multiple occasions, highlighted how risky investing in food businesses can be, Mark Cuban and Barbara Corcoran jumped at the opportunity to invest in Sweet Ballz.

In season 5 James McDonald and Cole Egger presented their idea: selling delicious little cake balls. The founders received $250,000 in exchange for 25% of their equity, and all was good for a while.

Unfortunately, though, James and Cole had a falling out and even filed for restraining orders against one another.

Sweet Ballz, now run by James, is still in business today, though it’s not nearly as successful as it could’ve been had he and his business partner stayed on the same page. Sweet Ballz may not have been one of the worst Shark Tank products, but it was certainly one of the worst partnerships!

📈 Learn more: Explore the top picks for the best food stocks & ETFs of 2025 to spice up your investment portfolio.

4. Squirrel Boss (2013)

Michael Desanti presented Squirrel Boss in season 4 (2013) of Shark Tank. At its core, it was a simple bird feeder, but it had a feature that would send an electric shock to pests like squirrels to deter them from stealing the bird food. Supposedly, the shock wouldn’t harm the squirrels.

The main problem was that the product couldn’t differentiate between pests and birds and would shock any animal that came into contact with it, a significant design flaw that could hardly be overlooked.

Squirrel Boss was also expensive and unpatented, so none of the sharks were willing to invest in it.

While it was available on Amazon for a while, Squirrel Boss never took off due to its major design flaws and hefty price.

5. Original Man Candle (2011)

The Original Man Candle was the brainchild of Johnson Bailey, who believed that traditional scented candles were too feminine.

Presenting his idea in season 2 of the show, Johnson tried to differentiate his product by introducing more “masculine” scents that would supposedly appeal to the male target audience.

Unsurprisingly, none of the “sharks” were interested in investing in the Original Man Candle. That may have been due to the selection of scents offered, which included “popcorn,” “golf course,” and “flatulence,” or due to the lack of a comprehensive business plan.

6. ToyGaroo (2011)

ToyGaroo is one of the better-known failures from Shark Tank. Originally presented in season 2 (2011), ToyGaroo was founded by Nikki Pope, Young Chu, Hutch Postik, Phil Smy, and Rony Mirzaians.

The premise behind it was simple. ToyGaroo rented out children’s toys in a subscription-based service. Parents could sign up for the service, rent high-quality toys for a month, return them, and get a new batch, avoiding the problem of spending on toys only to have the kids lose interest.

Mark Cuban and Kevin O’Leary saw the appeal, committing $250,000 to the venture.

However, ToyGaroo wasn’t ready for the heightened demand following the episode’s airing. Sourcing high-quality toys and shipping them proved to be more expensive than anticipated, leading the business to go bankrupt in months.

👉 Learn more: Learn exactly what is bankruptcy and the steps involved in declaring it, in our latest post designed for clarity and insight.

7. Trunkster (2015)

Trunkster was a promising new company that was supposed to disrupt the travel industry. Founded by Gaston Blanchet and Jesse Potash, it brought a new level of technology to a very old product: luggage. The product was a smart suitcase with useful features like a GPS tracking system, USB ports, a digital scale in the handle, and more.

Presented on Shark Tank in season 7, Trunkster caught the attention of Mark Cuban and Lori Greiner, who invested $1.4 million in exchange for 15% of the company.

The deal, however, fell through. Trunkster’s apparent $28 million valuation only came from presales on Kickstarter and Indiegogo and aggressive revenue projections. Most of the customers who signed up for preorders never received their high-tech luggage and those who did received poor-quality products that didn’t meet the expectations set up by Trunkster’s marketing campaign.

💳 Learn more: Explore our top picks for the best no-fee travel credit card options in 2025, perfect for savvy travelers looking to save.

8. Wired Waffles (2012)

Wired Waffles was a flop from the get-go. First presented in season 4 of Shark Tank, the business was founded by Roger Sullivan.

Wired Waffles are caffeine-infused waffles that would supposedly help busy people save time in the morning since they wouldn’t have to make both coffee and breakfast.

None of the sharks were interested in investing in this. After all, caffeine as a simple ingredient couldn’t be patented. The product didn’t have a pleasant taste, and worst of all, it could be ingested by children by accident.

Wired Waffles is a perfect example of what happens when entrepreneurs don’t think their ideas through, fail to test the viability of their products and don’t conduct proper market research.

9. Vestpakz (2014)

Vestpakz seemed like a promising product when it was presented during season 6 of the show (2014). Michael Woolley and Arthur Grayer created it as an innovative new children’s backpack that would reduce the wearer’s back and shoulder pain.

Shaped to look like a vest and boasting plenty of storage space, it seemed like the perfect product. Unfortunately, though, no shark wanted to invest in it.

Despite Vestpakz being available in Walmart stores, the sales were abysmal. The ratio between its manufacturing costs and selling price was too low, and there was minimal consumer demand. Ultimately, Vestpakz went out of business.

10. Cougar Energy (2012)

Cougar Energy was a product developed by Ryan Custar and presented to Shark Tank investors during season 3 (2012). As its name suggests, it was an energy drink designed for “cougars”, aka middle-aged single women.

Supposedly, the drink wouldn’t only bring the consumer’s energy levels up, but it would also positively affect the hair and nails. Moreover, it boasted “anti-aging” ingredients, though none of these claims were scientifically supportable.

Cougar Energy received no investments in Shark Tank. None of the investors believed there was a market for such a product, nor did they believe it would stand up to competitors. With low sales and plenty of negative comments on Amazon and social media, it was apparent that the investors were right.

11. Wake N Bacon (2011)

The concept gained popularity online before Matty came on the show, with plenty of people asking to buy it.

However, the sharks saw it as a gag gift that would have few legitimate users. Moreover, it quickly became apparent that Matty hadn’t thought the whole concept through. There were no safety guards that would minimize fire risks, for instance.

Matty hadn’t come up with a selling price. He hadn’t developed a plan that would help him sell more units after creating a prototype and had no sales projections.

All he had was an idea for a product and no plans to help him market and sell it. Despite many online consumers expressing a desire for Wake N Bacon, the business fell through because there really wasn’t a business there in the first place, just an idea.

12. Foot Fairy (2013)

Foot Fairy was presented during season 5 of Shark Tank. Inventors Sylvie Shapiro and Nicole Brooks developed an app to help parents measure their children’s feet and buy suitably sized shoes for them, thus minimizing the risks of common foot issues.

Foot Fairy would be free to use, and the company would earn commissions from popular stores like Zappos.

However, despite the app having thousands of downloads prior to Sylvie and Nicole’s appearance on Shark Tank, the two had earned no commissions.

While the concept, at its core, seemed interesting enough, there were a couple of issues that deterred the sharks from investing in it. The app was easy enough to copy, which would deter any major retailers from offering commissions for it. Moreover, it would have been a much more viable business plan for Sylvie and Nicole to develop their own brand of footwear and use Foot Fairy to increase their sales.

Although one of the sharks did offer a deal, it never came to fruition, and Foot Fairy is no longer available.

Conclusion

While there are a couple of outrageous Shark Tank pitches on this list, some would likely have proven to be lucrative had the entrepreneurs developed their ideas better. After all, having a great product idea is never enough to ensure the success of a business. Entrepreneurs always have to conduct thorough market, competitor, and audience research. They need to test their products’ viability, develop expansion strategies, and develop comprehensive business plans if they hope to attract customers and investors.

January 18, 2023
Posted By: growth-rapidly
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